plementations, supports only the semantics of 'c' and 'n' values. Other values will default to the semantics of 'c' value: the database will always opened for update and will be created if it does not exist. The optional mode argument is the UNIX mode of the file, used only when the database has to be created. It defaults to octal code 0o666 (and will be modified by the prevailing umask). r