function `distance_transform_cdt` for more efficient taxicab [1]_ and
chessboard algorithms [2]_.

References
----------
.. [1] Taxicab distance. Wikipedia, 2023.
       https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxicab_geometry
.. [2] Chessboard distance. Wikipedia, 2023.
       https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chebyshev_distance

Examples
--------
Import the necessary modules.

>>> import numpy as np
>>> from scipy.ndimage import distance_transform_bf
>>> import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
>>> from mpl_toolkits.axes_grid1 import ImageGrid

First, we create a toy binary image.

>>> def add_circle(center_x, center_y, radius, image, fillvalue=1):
...     # fill circular area with 1
...     xx, yy = np.mgrid[:image.shape[0], :image.shape[1]]
...     circle = (xx - center_x) ** 2 + (yy - center_y) ** 2
...     circle_shape = np.sqrt(circle) < radius
...     image[circle_shape] = fillvalue
...     return image
>>> image = np.zeros((100, 100), dtype=np.uint8)
>>> image[35:65, 20:80] = 1
>>> image = add_circle(28, 65, 10, image)
>>> image = add_circle(37, 30, 10, image)
>>> image = add_circle(70, 45, 20, image)
>>> image = add_circle(45, 80, 10, image)

Next, we set up the figure.

>>> fig = plt.figure(figsize=(8, 8))  # set up the figure structure
>>> grid = ImageGrid(fig, 111, nrows_ncols=(2, 2), axes_pad=(0.4, 0.3),
...                  label_mode="1", share_all=True,
...                  cbar_location="right", cbar_mode="each",
...                  cbar_size="7%", cbar_pad="2%")
>>> for ax in grid:
...     ax.axis('off')  # remove axes from images

The top left image is the original binary image.

>>> binary_image = grid[0].imshow(image, cmap='gray')
>>> cbar_binary_image = grid.cbar_axes[0].colorbar(binary_image)
>>> cbar_binary_image.set_ticks([0, 1])
>>> grid[0].set_title("Binary image: foreground in white")

The distance transform calculates the distance between foreground pixels
and the image background according to a distance metric. Available metrics
in `distance_transform_bf` are: ``euclidean`` (default), ``taxicab``
and ``chessboard``. The top right image contains the distance transform
based on the ``euclidean`` metric.

>>> distance_transform_euclidean = distance_transform_bf(image)
>>> euclidean_transform = grid[1].imshow(distance_transform_euclidean,
...                                      cmap='gray')
>>> cbar_euclidean = grid.cbar_axes[1].colorbar(euclidean_transform)
>>> colorbar_ticks = [0, 10, 20]
>>> cbar_euclidean.set_ticks(colorbar_ticks)
>>> grid[1].set_title("Euclidean distance")

The lower left image contains the distance transform using the ``taxicab``
metric.

>>> distance_transform_taxicab = distance_transform_bf(image,
...                                                    metric='taxicab')
>>> taxicab_transformation = grid[2].imshow(distance_transform_taxicab,
...                                         cmap='gray')
>>> cbar_taxicab = grid.cbar_axes[2].colorbar(taxicab_transformation)
>>> cbar_taxicab.set_ticks(colorbar_ticks)
>>> grid[2].set_title("Taxicab distance")

Finally, the lower right image contains the distance transform using the
``chessboard`` metric.

>>> distance_transform_cb = distance_transform_bf(image,
...                                               metric='chessboard')
>>> chessboard_transformation = grid[3].imshow(distance_transform_cb,
...                                            cmap='gray')
>>> cbar_taxicab = grid.cbar_axes[3].colorbar(chessboard_transformation)
>>> cbar_taxicab.set_ticks(colorbar_ticks)
>>> grid[3].set_title("Chessboard distance")
>>> plt.show()

r