p.sin(x) >>> a = 0 >>> b = np.pi >>> exact = 2 >>> for N in [2, 4, 6, 8, 10]: ... x = np.linspace(a, b, N + 1) ... an, B = newton_cotes(N, 1) ... dx = (b - a) / N ... quad = dx * np.sum(an * f(x)) ... error = abs(quad - exact) ... print('{:2d} {:10.9f} {:.5e}'.format(N, quad, error)) ... 2 2.094395102 9.43951e-02 4 1.998570732 1.42927e-03 6 2.000017814 1.78136e-05 8 1.999999835 1.64725e-07 10 2.000000001 1.14677e-09 r