ond to the inverse of the standard-deviation of the errors in z, then a good s-value should be found in the range ``(m-sqrt(2*m),m+sqrt(2*m))`` where m=len(x). eps : float, optional A threshold for determining the effective rank of an over-determined linear system of equations (0 < eps < 1). `eps` is not likely to need changing. tx, ty : ndarray, optional Rank-1 arrays of the knots of the spline for task=-1 full_output : int, optional Non-zero to return optional outputs. nxest, nyest : int, optional Over-estimates of the total number of knots. If None then ``nxest = max(kx+sqrt(m/2),2*kx+3)``, ``nyest = max(ky+sqrt(m/2),2*ky+3)``. quiet : int, optional Non-zero to suppress printing of messages. Returns ------- tck : array_like A list [tx, ty, c, kx, ky] containing the knots (tx, ty) and coefficients (c) of the bivariate B-spline representation of the surface along with the degree of the spline. fp : ndarray The weighted sum of squared residuals of the spline approximation. ier : int An integer flag about splrep success. Success is indicated if ier<=0. If ier in [1,2,3] an error occurred but was not raised. Otherwise an error is raised. msg : str A message corresponding to the integer flag, ier. See Also -------- splprep, splrep, splint, sproot, splev UnivariateSpline, BivariateSpline Notes ----- See `bisplev` to evaluate the value of the B-spline given its tck representation. If the input data is such that input dimensions have incommensurate units and differ by many orders of magnitude, the interpolant may have numerical artifacts. Consider rescaling the data before interpolation. References ---------- .. [1] Dierckx P.:An algorithm for surface fitting with spline functions Ima J. Numer. Anal. 1 (1981) 267-283. .. [2] Dierckx P.:An algorithm for surface fitting with spline functions report tw50, Dept. Computer Science,K.U.Leuven, 1980. .. [3] Dierckx P.:Curve and surface fitting with splines, Monographs on Numerical Analysis, Oxford University Press, 1993. Examples -------- Examples are given :ref:`in the tutorial `. z!len(x)==len(y)==len(z) must hold.Nr`