uding 1,
but excluding 2) and the second ``[2, 3)``.  The last bin, however, is
``[3, 4]``, which *includes* 4.

.. versionadded:: 0.11.0

Examples
--------
>>> import numpy as np
>>> from scipy import stats
>>> import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

First some basic examples:

Create two evenly spaced bins in the range of the given sample, and sum the
corresponding values in each of those bins:

>>> values = [1.0, 1.0, 2.0, 1.5, 3.0]
>>> stats.binned_statistic([1, 1, 2, 5, 7], values, 'sum', bins=2)
BinnedStatisticResult(statistic=array([4. , 4.5]),
        bin_edges=array([1., 4., 7.]), binnumber=array([1, 1, 1, 2, 2]))

Multiple arrays of values can also be passed.  The statistic is calculated
on each set independently:

>>> values = [[1.0, 1.0, 2.0, 1.5, 3.0], [2.0, 2.0, 4.0, 3.0, 6.0]]
>>> stats.binned_statistic([1, 1, 2, 5, 7], values, 'sum', bins=2)
BinnedStatisticResult(statistic=array([[4. , 4.5],
       [8. , 9. ]]), bin_edges=array([1., 4., 7.]),
       binnumber=array([1, 1, 1, 2, 2]))

>>> stats.binned_statistic([1, 2, 1, 2, 4], np.arange(5), statistic='mean',
...                        bins=3)
BinnedStatisticResult(statistic=array([1., 2., 4.]),
        bin_edges=array([1., 2., 3., 4.]),
        binnumber=array([1, 2, 1, 2, 3]))

As a second example, we now generate some random data of sailing boat speed
as a function of wind speed, and then determine how fast our boat is for
certain wind speeds:

>>> rng = np.random.default_rng()
>>> windspeed = 8 * rng.random(500)
>>> boatspeed = .3 * windspeed**.5 + .2 * rng.random(500)
>>> bin_means, bin_edges, binnumber = stats.binned_statistic(windspeed,
...                 boatspeed, statistic='median', bins=[1,2,3,4,5,6,7])
>>> plt.figure()
>>> plt.plot(windspeed, boatspeed, 'b.', label='raw data')
>>> plt.hlines(bin_means, bin_edges[:-1], bin_edges[1:], colors='g', lw=5,
...            label='binned statistic of data')
>>> plt.legend()

Now we can use ``binnumber`` to select all datapoints with a windspeed
below 1:

>>> low_boatspeed = boatspeed[binnumber == 0]

As a final example, we will use ``bin_edges`` and ``binnumber`` to make a
plot of a distribution that shows the mean and distribution around that
mean per bin, on top of a regular histogram and the probability
distribution function:

>>> x = np.linspace(0, 5, num=500)
>>> x_pdf = stats.maxwell.pdf(x)
>>> samples = stats.maxwell.rvs(size=10000)

>>> bin_means, bin_edges, binnumber = stats.binned_statistic(x, x_pdf,
...         statistic='mean', bins=25)
>>> bin_width = (bin_edges[1] - bin_edges[0])
>>> bin_centers = bin_edges[1:] - bin_width/2

>>> plt.figure()
>>> plt.hist(samples, bins=50, density=True, histtype='stepfilled',
...          alpha=0.2, label='histogram of data')
>>> plt.plot(x, x_pdf, 'r-', label='analytical pdf')
>>> plt.hlines(bin_means, bin_edges[:-1], bin_edges[1:], colors='g', lw=2,
...            label='binned statistic of data')
>>> plt.plot((binnumber - 0.5) * bin_width, x_pdf, 'g.', alpha=0.5)
>>> plt.legend(fontsize=10)
>>> plt.show()

