# Trait Display

1.0.0 · Source

    pub trait Display {
        // Required method
        fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), Error>;
    }

Expand description

Format trait for an empty format, `{}`.

Implementing this trait for a type will automatically implement the `ToString` trait for the type, allowing the usage of the `.to_string()` method. Prefer implementing the `Display` trait for a type, rather than `ToString`.

`Display` is similar to `Debug`, but `Display` is for user-facing output, and so cannot be derived.

For more information on formatters, see the module-level documentation.

## §Completeness and parseability

`Display` for a type might not necessarily be a lossless or complete representation of the type. It may omit internal state, precision, or other information the type does not consider important for user-facing output, as determined by the type. As such, the output of `Display` might not be possible to parse, and even if it is, the result of parsing might not exactly match the original value.

However, if a type has a lossless `Display` implementation whose output is meant to be conveniently machine-parseable and not just meant for human consumption, then the type may wish to accept the same format in `FromStr`, and document that usage. Having both `Display` and `FromStr` implementations where the result of `Display` cannot be parsed with `FromStr` may surprise users.

## §Internationalization

Because a type can only have one `Display` implementation, it is often preferable to only implement `Display` when there is a single most “obvious” way that values can be formatted as text. This could mean formatting according to the “invariant” culture and “undefined” locale, or it could mean that the type display is designed for a specific culture/locale, such as developer logs.

If not all values have a justifiably canonical textual format or if you want to support alternative formats not covered by the standard set of possible formatting traits, the most flexible approach is display adapters: methods like `str::escape_default` or `Path::display` which create a wrapper implementing `Display` to output the specific display format.

## §Examples

Implementing `Display` on a type:

    use std::fmt;

    struct Point {
        x: i32,
        y: i32,
    }

    impl fmt::Display for Point {
        fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
            write!(f, "({}, {})", self.x, self.y)
        }
    }

    let origin = Point { x: 0, y: 0 };

    assert_eq!(format!("The origin is: {origin}"), "The origin is: (0, 0)");

## Required Methods§

1.0.0 · Source

#### fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), Error>

Formats the value using the given formatter.

##### §Errors

This function should return `Err` if, and only if, the provided `Formatter` returns `Err`. String formatting is considered an infallible operation; this function only returns a `Result` because writing to the underlying stream might fail and it must provide a way to propagate the fact that an error has occurred back up the stack.

##### §Examples

    use std::fmt;

    struct Position {
        longitude: f32,
        latitude: f32,
    }

    impl fmt::Display for Position {
        fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
            write!(f, "({}, {})", self.longitude, self.latitude)
        }
    }

    assert_eq!(
        "(1.987, 2.983)",
        format!("{}", Position { longitude: 1.987, latitude: 2.983, }),
    );

## Implementors§

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### impl Display for AsciiChar

1.34.0 · Source§

### impl Display for Infallible

1.0.0 · Source§

### impl Display for VarError

1.17.0 · Source§

### impl Display for FromBytesWithNulError

1.89.0 · Source§

### impl Display for std::fs::TryLockError

1.60.0 · Source§

### impl Display for ErrorKind

1.7.0 · Source§

### impl Display for IpAddr

1.0.0 · Source§

### impl Display for SocketAddr

1.86.0 · Source§

### impl Display for GetDisjointMutError

1.15.0 · Source§

### impl Display for RecvTimeoutError

1.0.0 · Source§

### impl Display for TryRecvError

1.0.0 · Source§

### impl Display for bool

1.0.0 · Source§

### impl Display for char

1.0.0 · Source§

### impl Display for f16

1.0.0 · Source§

### impl Display for f32

1.0.0 · Source§

### impl Display for f64

1.0.0 · Source§

### impl Display for i8

1.0.0 · Source§

### impl Display for i16

1.0.0 · Source§

### impl Display for i32

1.0.0 · Source§

### impl Display for i64

1.0.0 · Source§

### impl Display for i128

1.0.0 · Source§

### impl Display for isize

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### impl Display for !

1.0.0 · Source§

### impl Display for str

1.0.0 · Source§

### impl Display for u8

1.0.0 · Source§

### impl Display for u16

1.0.0 · Source§

### impl Display for u32

1.0.0 · Source§

### impl Display for u64

1.0.0 · Source§

### impl Display for u128

1.0.0 · Source§

### impl Display for usize

1.26.0 · Source§

### impl Display for PanicInfo<'_>

1.81.0 · Source§

### impl Display for PanicMessage<'_>

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### impl Display for AllocError

1.28.0 · Source§

### impl Display for LayoutError

1.35.0 · Source§

### impl Display for TryFromSliceError

1.39.0 · Source§

### impl Display for std::ascii::EscapeDefault

1.65.0 · Source§

### impl Display for Backtrace

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### impl Display for ByteStr

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### impl Display for ByteString

1.13.0 · Source§

### impl Display for BorrowError

1.13.0 · Source§

### impl Display for BorrowMutError

1.34.0 · Source§

### impl Display for CharTryFromError

1.9.0 · Source§

### impl Display for DecodeUtf16Error

1.20.0 · Source§

### impl Display for std::char::EscapeDebug

1.16.0 · Source§

### impl Display for std::char::EscapeDefault

1.16.0 · Source§

### impl Display for std::char::EscapeUnicode

1.20.0 · Source§

### impl Display for ParseCharError

1.16.0 · Source§

### impl Display for ToLowercase

1.16.0 · Source§

### impl Display for ToUppercase

1.59.0 · Source§

### impl Display for TryFromCharError

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### impl Display for UnorderedKeyError

1.57.0 · Source§

### impl Display for TryReserveError

1.0.0 · Source§

### impl Display for JoinPathsError

1.87.0 · Source§

### impl Display for std::ffi::os_str::Display<'_>

1.69.0 · Source§

### impl Display for FromBytesUntilNulError

1.58.0 · Source§

### impl Display for FromVecWithNulError

1.7.0 · Source§

### impl Display for IntoStringError

1.0.0 · Source§

### impl Display for NulError

1.0.0 · Source§

### impl Display for std::io::Error

1.56.0 · Source§

### impl Display for WriterPanicked

1.4.0 · Source§

### impl Display for AddrParseError

1.0.0 · Source§

### impl Display for Ipv4Addr

1.0.0 · Source§

### impl Display for Ipv6Addr

Writes an Ipv6Addr, conforming to the canonical style described by RFC 5952.

1.0.0 · Source§

### impl Display for SocketAddrV4

1.0.0 · Source§

### impl Display for SocketAddrV6

1.0.0 · Source§

### impl Display for ParseFloatError

1.0.0 · Source§

### impl Display for ParseIntError

1.34.0 · Source§

### impl Display for TryFromIntError

1.63.0 · Source§

### impl Display for InvalidHandleError

Available on Windows only.
1.63.0 · Source§

### impl Display for NullHandleError

Available on Windows only.
1.26.0 · Source§

### impl Display for Location<'_>

1.26.0 · Source§

### impl Display for PanicHookInfo<'_>

1.0.0 · Source§

### impl Display for std::path::Display<'_>

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### impl Display for NormalizeError

1.7.0 · Source§

### impl Display for StripPrefixError

1.0.0 · Source§

### impl Display for ExitStatus

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### impl Display for ExitStatusError

1.0.0 · Source§

### impl Display for ParseBoolError

1.0.0 · Source§

### impl Display for Utf8Error

1.0.0 · Source§

### impl Display for FromUtf8Error

1.0.0 · Source§

### impl Display for FromUtf16Error

1.0.0 · Source§

### impl Display for String

1.0.0 · Source§

### impl Display for RecvError

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### impl Display for WouldBlock

1.26.0 · Source§

### impl Display for AccessError

1.8.0 · Source§

### impl Display for SystemTimeError

1.66.0 · Source§

### impl Display for TryFromFloatSecsError

1.0.0 · Source§

### impl Display for Arguments<'_>

1.0.0 · Source§

### impl Display for std::fmt::Error

1.60.0 · Source§

### impl<'a> Display for EscapeAscii<'a>

1.34.0 · Source§

### impl<'a> Display for std::str::EscapeDebug<'a>

1.34.0 · Source§

### impl<'a> Display for std::str::EscapeDefault<'a>

1.34.0 · Source§

### impl<'a> Display for std::str::EscapeUnicode<'a>

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### impl<'a, K, V, A> Display for std::collections::btree_map::OccupiedError<'a, K, V, A>
where K: Debug + Ord, V: Debug, A: Allocator + Clone,

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### impl<'a, K: Debug, V: Debug> Display for std::collections::hash_map::OccupiedError<'a, K, V>

1.0.0 · Source§

### impl<B> Display for Cow<'_, B>
where B: Display + ToOwned + ?Sized, <B as ToOwned>::Owned: Display,

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### impl<E> Display for Report<E>
where E: Error,

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### impl<F> Display for FromFn<F>
where F: Fn(&mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), Error>,

1.33.0 · Source§

### impl<Ptr> Display for Pin<Ptr>
where Ptr: Display,

1.0.0 · Source§

### impl<T> Display for std::sync::TryLockError<T>

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### impl<T> Display for SendTimeoutError<T>

1.0.0 · Source§

### impl<T> Display for TrySendError<T>

1.0.0 · Source§

### impl<T> Display for &T
where T: Display + ?Sized,

1.0.0 · Source§

### impl<T> Display for &mut T
where T: Display + ?Sized,

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### impl<T> Display for ThinBox<T>
where T: Display + ?Sized,

1.20.0 · Source§

### impl<T> Display for Ref<'_, T>
where T: Display + ?Sized,

1.20.0 · Source§

### impl<T> Display for RefMut<'_, T>
where T: Display + ?Sized,

1.28.0 · Source§

### impl<T> Display for NonZero<T>
where T: ZeroablePrimitive + Display,

1.74.0 · Source§

### impl<T> Display for Saturating<T>
where T: Display,

1.10.0 · Source§

### impl<T> Display for Wrapping<T>
where T: Display,

1.0.0 · Source§

### impl<T> Display for SendError<T>

1.0.0 · Source§

### impl<T> Display for PoisonError<T>

1.0.0 · Source§

### impl<T, A> Display for Box<T, A>
where T: Display + ?Sized, A: Allocator,

1.0.0 · Source§

### impl<T, A> Display for Rc<T, A>
where T: Display + ?Sized, A: Allocator,

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### impl<T, A> Display for UniqueRc<T, A>
where T: Display + ?Sized, A: Allocator,

1.0.0 · Source§

### impl<T, A> Display for Arc<T, A>
where T: Display + ?Sized, A: Allocator,

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### impl<T, A> Display for UniqueArc<T, A>
where T: Display + ?Sized, A: Allocator,

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### impl<T: Display + ?Sized> Display for ReentrantLockGuard<'_, T>

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### impl<T: ?Sized + Display> Display for std::sync::nonpoison::MappedMutexGuard<'_, T>

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### impl<T: ?Sized + Display> Display for std::sync::nonpoison::MutexGuard<'_, T>

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### impl<T: ?Sized + Display> Display for std::sync::MappedMutexGuard<'_, T>

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### impl<T: ?Sized + Display> Display for MappedRwLockReadGuard<'_, T>

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### impl<T: ?Sized + Display> Display for MappedRwLockWriteGuard<'_, T>

1.20.0 · Source§

### impl<T: ?Sized + Display> Display for std::sync::MutexGuard<'_, T>

1.20.0 · Source§

### impl<T: ?Sized + Display> Display for RwLockReadGuard<'_, T>

1.20.0 · Source§

### impl<T: ?Sized + Display> Display for RwLockWriteGuard<'_, T>

1.0.0 · Source§

### impl<W> Display for IntoInnerError<W>