earlier, for sure not going to be of >>>>> any practical concern. >>>> >>>> Modest 16 GB can give 1M entries. Assuming 50ns-100ns per entry for the >>>> xarray business, that's 50-100ms. It's all serialised, so multiply by >>>> the number of CPUs/threads, e.g. 10-100, that's 0.5-10s. Account sky >>>> high spinlock contention, and it jumps again, and there can be more >>>> memory / CPUs / numa nodes. Not saying that it's worse than the >>>> current O(n^2), I have a test program that borderline hangs the >>>> system. >>> >>> It's definitely not worse than the existing system, which is why I don't >>> think it's a big deal. Nobody has ever complained about time to register >>> buffers. It's inherently a slow path, and quite slow at that depending >>> on the use case. Out of curiosity, I ran some stilly testing on >>> registering 16GB of memory, with 1..32 threads. Each will do 16GB, so >>> 512GB registered in total for the 32 case. Before is the current kernel, >>> after is with per-user xarray accounting: >>> >>> before >>> >>> nthreads 1: 646 msec >>> nthreads 2: 888 msec >>> nthreads 4: 864 msec >>> nthreads 8: 1450 msec >>> nthreads 16: 2890 msec >>> nthreads 32: 4410 msec >>> >>> after >>> >>> nthreads 1: 650 msec >>> nthreads 2: 888 msec >>> nthreads 4: 892 msec >>> nthreads 8: 1270 msec >>> nthreads 16: 2430 msec >>> nthreads 32: 4160 msec >>> >>> This includes both registering buffers, cloning all of them to another >>> ring, and unregistering times, and nowhere is locking scalability an >>> issue for the xarray manipulation. The box has 32 nodes and 512 CPUs. So >>> no, I strongly believe this isn't an issue. >>> >>> IOW, accurate accounting is cheaper than the stuff we have now. None of >>> them are super cheap. Does it matter? I really don't think so, or people >>> would've complained already. The only complaint I got on these kinds of >>> things was for cloning, which did get fixed up some releases ago. >> >> You need compound pages >> >> always > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/hugepages-16kB/enabled >> >> And use update() instead of register() as accounting dedup for >> registration is broken-disabled. For the current kernel: >> >> Single threaded: >> 1x1G: 7.5s >> 2x1G: 45s >> 4x1G: 190s >> >> 16x should be ~3000s, not going to run it. Uninterruptible and no >> cond_resched, so spawn NR_CPUS threads and the system is completely >> unresponsive (I guess it depends on the preemption mode). > The program is below for reference, but it's trivial. THP setting > is done inside for convenience. There are ways to make the runtime > even worse, but that should be enough. Thanks for sending that. Ran it on the same box, on current -git and with user_struct xarray accounting. Modified it so that 2nd arg is number of threads, for easy running: current -git axboe@r7625 ~> cat /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/hugepages-16kB/enabled [always] inherit madvise never axboe@r7625 ~> for i in 1 2 4 8 16; time ./ppage $i $i; end register 1 GB, num threads 1 ________________________________________________________ Executed in 178.91 millis fish external usr time 9.82 millis 313.00 micros 9.51 millis sys time 161.83 millis 149.00 micros 161.68 millis register 2 GB, num threads 2 ________________________________________________________ Executed in 638.49 millis fish external usr time 0.03 secs 285.00 micros 0.03 secs sys time 1.14 secs 135.00 micros 1.14 secs register 4 GB, num threads 4 ________________________________________________________ Executed in 2.17 secs fish external usr time 0.05 secs 314.00 micros 0.05 secs sys time 6.31 secs 150.00 micros 6.31 secs register 8 GB, num threads 8 ________________________________________________________ Executed in 4.97 secs fish external usr time 0.12 secs 299.00 micros 0.12 secs sys time 28.97 secs 142.00 micros 28.97 secs register 16 GB, num threads 16 ________________________________________________________ Executed in 10.34 secs fish external usr time 0.20 secs 294.00 micros 0.20 secs sys time 126.42 secs 140.00 micros 126.42 secs -git + user_struct xarray for accounting axboe@r7625 ~> cat /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/hugepages-16kB/enabled [always] inherit madvise never axboe@r7625 ~> for i in 1 2 4 8 16; time ./ppage $i $i; end register 1 GB, num threads 1 ________________________________________________________ Executed in 54.05 millis fish external usr time 10.66 millis 327.00 micros 10.34 millis sys time 41.60 millis 259.00 micros 41.34 millis register 2 GB, num threads 2 ________________________________________________________ Executed in 105.70 millis fish external usr time 34.38 millis 206.00 micros 34.17 millis sys time 68.55 millis 206.00 micros 68.35 millis register 4 GB, num threads 4 ________________________________________________________ Executed in 214.72 millis fish external usr time 48.10 millis 193.00 micros 47.91 millis sys time 182.25 millis 193.00 micros 182.06 millis register 8 GB, num threads 8 ________________________________________________________ Executed in 441.96 millis fish external usr time 123.26 millis 195.00 micros 123.07 millis sys time 568.20 millis 195.00 micros 568.00 millis register 16 GB, num threads 16 ________________________________________________________ Executed in 917.70 millis fish external usr time 0.17 secs 202.00 micros 0.17 secs sys time 2.48 secs 202.00 micros 2.48 secs -- Jens Axboe From - Fri Jan 23 14:51:11 2026 X-Mozilla-Status: 0001 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 Return-Path: Delivered-To: hi@josie.lol Received: from witcher.mxrouting.net by witcher.mxrouting.net with LMTP id cDg4FduKc2kCUQ8AYBR5ng (envelope-from ) for ; 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Fri, 23 Jan 2026 06:50:54 -0800 (PST) Received: from [192.168.1.102] ([96.43.243.2]) by smtp.gmail.com with ESMTPSA id 586e51a60fabf-408afba7305sm1604869fac.11.2026.01.23.06.50.53 (version=TLS1_3 cipher=TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 bits=128/128); Fri, 23 Jan 2026 06:50:53 -0800 (PST) Message-ID: Date: Fri, 23 Jan 2026 07:50:53 -0700 Precedence: bulk X-Mailing-List: stable@vger.kernel.org List-Id: List-Subscribe: List-Unsubscribe: MIME-Version: 1.0 User-Agent: Mozilla Thunderbird Subject: Re: [PATCH v2] io_uring/rsrc: fix RLIMIT_MEMLOCK bypass by removing cross-buffer accounting To: Pavel Begunkov , Yuhao Jiang Cc: io-uring@vger.kernel.org, linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org, stable@vger.kernel.org References: <20260119071039.2113739-1-danisjiang@gmail.com> <2919f3c5-2510-4e97-ab7f-c9eef1c76a69@kernel.dk> <8c6a9114-82e9-416e-804b-ffaa7a679ab7@kernel.dk> <2be71481-ac35-4ff2-b6a9-a7568f81f728@gmail.com> <2fcf583a-f521-4e8d-9a89-0985681ca85b@kernel.dk> <3b7e6088-7d92-4d5c-96c7-f8c0e2cc7745@kernel.dk> <596bc7ac-3d24-43a7-9e7e-e59189525ebc@gmail.com> Content-Language: en-US From: Jens Axboe In-Reply-To: <596bc7ac-3d24-43a7-9e7e-e59189525ebc@gmail.com> Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-DKIM: signer='kernel-dk.20230601.gappssmtp.com' status='pass' reason='' DKIMCheck: Server passes DKIM test, 0 Spam score X-Spam-Score: 0.5 (/) X-Spam-Report: Spam detection software, running on the system "witcher.mxrouting.net", has performed the tests listed below against this email. Information: https://mxroutedocs.com/directadmin/spamfilters/ --- Content analysis details: (0.5 points) --- pts rule name description ---- ---------------------- ----------------------------------------- 0.0 RCVD_IN_DNSWL_BLOCKED RBL: ADMINISTRATOR NOTICE: The query to DNSWL was blocked. See http://wiki.apache.org/spamassassin/DnsBlocklists#DnsBlocklists-dnsbl-block for more information. [104.64.211.4 listed in list.dnswl.org] 1.5 HEADER_FROM_DIFFERENT_DOMAINS From and EnvelopeFrom 2nd level mail domains are different 0.1 DKIM_SIGNED Message has a DKIM or DK signature, not necessarily valid -0.1 DKIM_VALID Message has at least one valid DKIM or DK signature -1.0 MAILING_LIST_MULTI Multiple indicators imply a widely-seen list manager SpamTally: Final spam score: 5 On 1/23/26 7:26 AM, Pavel Begunkov wrote: > On 1/22/26 21:51, Pavel Begunkov wrote: > ... >>>>> I already briefly touched on that earlier, for sure not going to be of >>>>> any practical concern. >>>> >>>> Modest 16 GB can give 1M entries. Assuming 50ns-100ns per entry for the >>>> xarray business, that's 50-100ms. It's all serialised, so multiply by >>>> the number of CPUs/threads, e.g. 10-100, that's 0.5-10s. Account sky >>>> high spinlock contention, and it jumps again, and there can be more >>>> memory / CPUs / numa nodes. Not saying that it's worse than the >>>> current O(n^2), I have a test program that borderline hangs the >>>> system. >>> >>> It's definitely not worse than the existing system, which is why I don't >>> think it's a big deal. Nobody has ever complained about time to register >>> buffers. It's inherently a slow path, and quite slow at that depending >>> on the use case. Out of curiosity, I ran some stilly testing on >>> registering 16GB of memory, with 1..32 threads. Each will do 16GB, so >>> 512GB registered in total for the 32 case. Before is the current kernel, >>> after is with per-user xarray accounting: >>> >>> before >>> >>> nthreads 1: 646 msec >>> nthreads 2: 888 msec >>> nthreads 4: 864 msec >>> nthreads 8: 1450 msec >>> nthreads 16: 2890 msec >>> nthreads 32: 4410 msec >>> >>> after >>> >>> nthreads 1: 650 msec >>> nthreads 2: 888 msec >>> nthreads 4: 892 msec >>> nthreads 8: 1270 msec >>> nthreads 16: 2430 msec >>> nthreads 32: 4160 msec >>> >>> This includes both registering buffers, cloning all of them to another >>> ring, and unregistering times, and nowhere is locking scalability an >>> issue for the xarray manipulation. The box has 32 nodes and 512 CPUs. So >>> no, I strongly believe this isn't an issue. >>> >>> IOW, accurate accounting is cheaper than the stuff we have now. None of >>> them are super cheap. Does it matter? I really don't think so, or people >>> would've complained already. The only complaint I got on these kinds of >>> things was for cloning, which did get fixed up some releases ago. >> >> You need compound pages >> >> always > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/hugepages-16kB/enabled >> >> And use update() instead of register() as accounting dedup for >> registration is broken-disabled. For the current kernel: >> >> Single threaded: >> 1x1G: 7.5s >> 2x1G: 45s >> 4x1G: 190s >> >> 16x should be ~3000s, not going to run it. Uninterruptible and no >> cond_resched, so spawn NR_CPUS threads and the system is completely >> unresponsive (I guess it depends on the preemption mode). > The program is below for reference, but it's trivial. THP setting > is done inside for convenience. There are ways to make the runtime > even worse, but that should be enough. Thanks for sending that. Ran it on the same box, on current -git and with user_struct xarray accounting. Modified it so that 2nd arg is number of threads, for easy running: current -git axboe@r7625 ~> cat /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/hugepages-16kB/enabled [always] inherit madvise never axboe@r7625 ~> for i in 1 2 4 8 16; time ./ppage $i $i; end register 1 GB, num threads 1 ________________________________________________________ Executed in 178.91 millis fish external usr time 9.82 millis 313.00 micros 9.51 millis sys time 161.83 millis 149.00 micros 161.68 millis register 2 GB, num threads 2 ________________________________________________________ Executed in 638.49 millis fish external usr time 0.03 secs 285.00 micros 0.03 secs sys time 1.14 secs 135.00 micros 1.14 secs register 4 GB, num threads 4 ________________________________________________________ Executed in 2.17 secs fish external usr time 0.05 secs 314.00 micros 0.05 secs sys time 6.31 secs 150.00 micros 6.31 secs register 8 GB, num threads 8 ________________________________________________________ Executed in 4.97 secs fish external usr time 0.12 secs 299.00 micros 0.12 secs sys time 28.97 secs 142.00 micros 28.97 secs register 16 GB, num threads 16 ________________________________________________________ Executed in 10.34 secs fish external usr time 0.20 secs 294.00 micros 0.20 secs sys time 126.42 secs 140.00 micros 126.42 secs -git + user_struct xarray for accounting axboe@r7625 ~> cat /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/hugepages-16kB/enabled [always] inherit madvise never axboe@r7625 ~> for i in 1 2 4 8 16; time ./ppage $i $i; end register 1 GB, num threads 1 ________________________________________________________ Executed in 54.05 millis fish external usr time 10.66 millis 327.00 micros 10.34 millis sys time 41.60 millis 259.00 micros 41.34 millis register 2 GB, num threads 2 ________________________________________________________ Executed in 105.70 millis fish external usr time 34.38 millis 206.00 micros 34.17 millis sys time 68.55 millis 206.00 micros 68.35 millis register 4 GB, num threads 4 ________________________________________________________ Executed in 214.72 millis fish external usr time 48.10 millis 193.00 micros 47.91 millis sys time 182.25 millis 193.00 micros 182.06 millis register 8 GB, num threads 8 ________________________________________________________ Executed in 441.96 millis fish external usr time 123.26 millis 195.00 micros 123.07 millis sys time 568.20 millis 195.00 micros 568.00 millis register 16 GB, num threads 16 ________________________________________________________ Executed in 917.70 millis fish external usr time 0.17 secs 202.00 micros 0.17 secs sys time 2.48 secs 202.00 micros 2.48 secs -- Jens Axboe From - Fri Jan 23 14:54:41 2026 X-Mozilla-Status: 0001 X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000 Return-Path: Delivered-To: hi@josie.lol Received: from witcher.mxrouting.net by witcher.mxrouting.net with LMTP id yOwUNquLc2k7ww4AYBR5ng (envelope-from ) for ; 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For the best experience,= copy and paste this link in your browser to view the post online: https://vicenewsletter.beehiiv.com/p/the-woman-dating-twins --b335482d0893febd8f138ecc4d486cb1496ab61da8d2689dcb2ddd3c6622 Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8 Mime-Version: 1.0 The Woman Dating Twins<= body class=3D"a" style=3D"margin:0px auto;padding:0px;word-wrap:normal;word= -spacing:normal;background-color:#F2F2F2;">
The l= atest from VICE.  ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ = ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌= 60;‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌=  ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ R= 04; ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ &= #8204; ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌= 0;‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌&= #160;‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ̴= 4; ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ &#= 8204; ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ = ;‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌&#= 160;‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌= ; ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ = 204; ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ = ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌= 60;‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌=  ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ R= 04; ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ &= #8204; ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌= 0;‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌&= #160;‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ̴= 4; ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ &#= 8204; ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ = ;‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌&#= 160;‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌= ; ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ = 204; ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ = ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌= 60;‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌=  ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ R= 04; ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ &= #8204; ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌= 0;‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌&= #160;‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ̴= 4; ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌
<= table role=3D"none" width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" align=3D"= center" cellpadding=3D"0" class=3D"gg">
3D""
=
<= /tr>
 
3D""
<= /td>
  
 
=
  <= /table>
3D""

This Woman Is Dating Identical Twin Brothers. Yes, Both of Them.

As if dating wasn=E2=80=99t already confusing enough,= try adding identical faces and double the emotional labor to the equation.=

Read Now
 
 
=
<= /td>
 
 
3D""<= /td>
= Will Earth Really Lose Gravity in 2026?

People are now believing that the earth will allegedly =E2=80= =9Close gravity=E2=80=9D for seven seconds on August 12, 2026. Yes, really.=

Read Now
 
 
 
  =
3D""

Coyote Spotted Swimming to Alcatra= z Island for the First Time

=

Only time will te= ll whether the coyote makes the trek back to the mainland or calls Alcatraz= Island its new home.

<= /tr>
Read Now
 
 
 
=
 
=
3D""

Meet Veronika, the Incredible Cow That Can Use Tools

Long-time fans of the Far Side (like me) can say that Gary La= rson=E2=80=99s legendary comic strip predicted this long ago.

Read Now
 
 
 
 
3D""
  
=
=

Update your email preferences or u= nsubscribe here

©= 2026 VICE Digital Publishing LLC

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Nashville, TN = 37208, United States

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