"access_type": "ref", "possible_keys": ["i_o_custkey"], "key": "i_o_custkey", "key_length": "5", "used_key_parts": ["o_custkey"], "ref": ["dbt3sf1.customer.c_custkey"], "r_loops": 150000, "rows": 7, "r_rows": 10, "r_total_time_ms": 39208, "filtered": 100, "r_filtered": 100 } } } ] } } ANALYZE shows that 39.2 seconds were spent in the subquery, which was executed 150K times (for every row of outer table). URL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/analyze-formatjson-examples/https://mariadb.com/kb/en/analyze-formatjson-examples/