_str_list(val): # Type of ``val`` is narrowed to ``list[str]``. print(" ".join(val)) else: # Type of ``val`` remains as ``list[object]``. print("Not a list of strings!") Strict type narrowing is not enforced -- ``TypeB`` need not be a narrower form of ``TypeA`` (it can even be a wider form) and this may lead to type-unsafe results. The main reason is to allow for things like narrowing ``list[object]`` to ``list[str]`` even though the latter is not a subtype of the former, since ``list`` is invariant. The responsibility of writing type-safe type predicates is left to the user. ``TypeGuard`` also works with type variables. For more information, see PEP 647 (User-Defined Type Guards). rH