ld a block matrix >>> A = np.eye(2) * 2 >>> B = np.eye(3) * 3 >>> np.block([ ... [A, np.zeros((2, 3))], ... [np.ones((3, 2)), B ] ... ]) array([[2., 0., 0., 0., 0.], [0., 2., 0., 0., 0.], [1., 1., 3., 0., 0.], [1., 1., 0., 3., 0.], [1., 1., 0., 0., 3.]]) With a list of depth 1, `block` can be used as `hstack` >>> np.block([1, 2, 3]) # hstack([1, 2, 3]) array([1, 2, 3]) >>> a = np.array([1, 2, 3]) >>> b = np.array([4, 5, 6]) >>> np.block([a, b, 10]) # hstack([a, b, 10]) array([ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10]) >>> A = np.ones((2, 2), int) >>> B = 2 * A >>> np.block([A, B]) # hstack([A, B]) array([[1, 1, 2, 2], [1, 1, 2, 2]]) With a list of depth 2, `block` can be used in place of `vstack`: >>> a = np.array([1, 2, 3]) >>> b = np.array([4, 5, 6]) >>> np.block([[a], [b]]) # vstack([a, b]) array([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]]) >>> A = np.ones((2, 2), int) >>> B = 2 * A >>> np.block([[A], [B]]) # vstack([A, B]) array([[1, 1], [1, 1], [2, 2], [2, 2]]) It can also be used in places of `atleast_1d` and `atleast_2d` >>> a = np.array(0) >>> b = np.array([1]) >>> np.block([a]) # atleast_1d(a) array([0]) >>> np.block([b]) # atleast_1d(b) array([1]) >>> np.block([[a]]) # atleast_2d(a) array([[0]]) >>> np.block([[b]]) # atleast_2d(b) array([[1]]) i