single ``int`` -- in which case the same value is used for the height and width dimensions - a ``tuple`` of two ints -- in which case, the first `int` is used for the height dimension, and the second `int` for the width dimension Note: The :attr:`padding` argument effectively adds ``dilation * (kernel_size - 1) - padding`` amount of zero padding to both sizes of the input. This is set so that when a :class:`~torch.nn.Conv2d` and a :class:`~torch.nn.ConvTranspose2d` are initialized with same parameters, they are inverses of each other in regard to the input and output shapes. However, when ``stride > 1``, :class:`~torch.nn.Conv2d` maps multiple input shapes to the same output shape. :attr:`output_padding` is provided to resolve this ambiguity by effectively increasing the calculated output shape on one side. Note that :attr:`output_padding` is only used to find output shape, but does not actually add zero-padding to output. Note: {cudnn_reproducibility_note} Args: in_channels (int): Number of channels in the input image out_channels (int): Number of channels produced by the convolution kernel_size (int or tuple): Size of the convolving kernel stride (int or tuple, optional): Stride of the convolution. Default: 1 padding (int or tuple, optional): ``dilation * (kernel_size - 1) - padding`` zero-padding will be added to both sides of each dimension in the input. Default: 0 output_padding (int or tuple, optional): Additional size added to one side of each dimension in the output shape. Default: 0 groups (int, optional): Number of blocked connections from input channels to output channels. Default: 1 bias (bool, optional): If ``True``, adds a learnable bias to the output. Default: ``True`` dilation (int or tuple, optional): Spacing between kernel elements. Default: 1 a