ner'}, default 'left'
            Determines the join-style between the calling Series/Index and any
            Series/Index/DataFrame in `others` (objects without an index need
            to match the length of the calling Series/Index). To disable
            alignment, use `.values` on any Series/Index/DataFrame in `others`.

        Returns
        -------
        str, Series or Index
            If `others` is None, `str` is returned, otherwise a `Series/Index`
            (same type as caller) of objects is returned.

        See Also
        --------
        split : Split each string in the Series/Index.
        join : Join lists contained as elements in the Series/Index.

        Examples
        --------
        When not passing `others`, all values are concatenated into a single
        string:

        >>> s = pd.Series(['a', 'b', np.nan, 'd'])
        >>> s.str.cat(sep=' ')
        'a b d'

        By default, NA values in the Series are ignored. Using `na_rep`, they
        can be given a representation:

        >>> s.str.cat(sep=' ', na_rep='?')
        'a b ? d'

        If `others` is specified, corresponding values are concatenated with
        the separator. Result will be a Series of strings.

        >>> s.str.cat(['A', 'B', 'C', 'D'], sep=',')
        0    a,A
        1    b,B
        2    NaN
        3    d,D
        dtype: object

        Missing values will remain missing in the result, but can again be
        represented using `na_rep`

        >>> s.str.cat(['A', 'B', 'C', 'D'], sep=',', na_rep='-')
        0    a,A
        1    b,B
        2    -,C
        3    d,D
        dtype: object

        If `sep` is not specified, the values are concatenated without
        separation.

        >>> s.str.cat(['A', 'B', 'C', 'D'], na_rep='-')
        0    aA
        1    bB
        2    -C
        3    dD
        dtype: object

        Series with different indexes can be aligned before concatenation. The
        `join`-keyword works as in other methods.

        >>> t = pd.Series(['d', 'a', 'e', 'c'], index=[3, 0, 4, 2])
        >>> s.str.cat(t, join='left', na_rep='-')
        0    aa
        1    b-
        2    -c
        3    dd
        dtype: object
        >>>
        >>> s.str.cat(t, join='outer', na_rep='-')
        0    aa
        1    b-
        2    -c
        3    dd
        4    -e
        dtype: object
        >>>
        >>> s.str.cat(t, join='inner', na_rep='-')
        0    aa
        2    -c
        3    dd
        dtype: object
        >>>
        >>> s.str.cat(t, join='right', na_rep='-')
        3    dd
        0    aa
        4    -e
        2    -c
        dtype: object

        For more examples, see :ref:`here <text.concatenate>`.
        r