rtol : number, optional The computed root ``x0`` will satisfy ``np.allclose(x, x0, atol=xtol, rtol=rtol)``, where ``x`` is the exact root. The parameter cannot be smaller than its default value of ``4*np.finfo(float).eps``. As with `brentq`, for nice functions the method will often satisfy the above condition with ``xtol/2`` and ``rtol/2``. maxiter : int, optional If convergence is not achieved in `maxiter` iterations, an error is raised. Must be >= 0. args : tuple, optional Containing extra arguments for the function `f`. `f` is called by ``apply(f, (x)+args)``. full_output : bool, optional If `full_output` is False, the root is returned. If `full_output` is True, the return value is ``(x, r)``, where `x` is the root, and `r` is a `RootResults` object. disp : bool, optional If True, raise RuntimeError if the algorithm didn't converge. Otherwise, the convergence status is recorded in any `RootResults` return object. Returns ------- root : float Root of `f` between `a` and `b`. r : `RootResults` (present if ``full_output = True``) Object containing information about the convergence. In particular, ``r.converged`` is True if the routine converged. See Also -------- fmin, fmin_powell, fmin_cg, fmin_bfgs, fmin_ncg : multivariate local optimizers leastsq : nonlinear least squares minimizer fmin_l_bfgs_b, fmin_tnc, fmin_cobyla : constrained multivariate optimizers basinhopping, differential_evolution, brute : global optimizers fminbound, brent, golden, bracket : local scalar minimizers fsolve : N-D root-finding brentq, brenth, ridder, bisect, newton : 1-D root-finding fixed_point : scalar fixed-point finder References ---------- .. [BusAndDekker1975] Bus, J. C. P., Dekker, T. J., "Two Efficient Algorithms with Guaranteed Convergence for Finding a Zero of a Function", ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software, Vol. 1, Issue 4, Dec. 1975, pp. 330-345. Section 3: "Algorithm M". :doi:`10.1145/355656.355659` Examples -------- >>> def f(x): ... return (x**2 - 1) >>> from scipy import optimize >>> root = optimize.brenth(f, -2, 0) >>> root -1.0 >>> root = optimize.brenth(f, 0, 2) >>> root 1.0 r