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{"parentUuid":"2adc0e05-55bf-4f00-a4b2-dcf84b91e69c","isSidechain":false,"userType":"external","cwd":"/home/josie/development/kubernetes/karpenter-ibm","sessionId":"227ef372-398e-4424-bc9c-5e171c1e1700","version":"2.1.39","gitBranch":"main","slug":"sunny-cuddling-sunbeam","type":"user","message":{"role":"user","content":[{"tool_use_id":"toolu_01VssAmFgjuwqNhGavucTN3s","type":"tool_result","content":"{\"additions\":381,\"author\":{\"id\":\"MDQ6VXNlcjQ1MjU2OTg3\",\"is_bot\":false,\"login\":\"meomnzak\",\"name\":\"Moamen Zakaria\"},\"body\":\"## Description\\r\\n\\r\\nAdd create instance batch\\r\\n\\r\\n## Type of change\\r\\n\\r\\n<!-- Please delete options that are not relevant -->\\r\\n\\r\\n- [ ] Bug fix (non-breaking change which fixes an issue)\\r\\n- [ ] New feature (non-breaking change which adds functionality)\\r\\n- [ ] Breaking change (fix or feature that would cause existing functionality to not work as expected)\\r\\n- [ ] Documentation update\\r\\n- [ ] Helm chart change\\r\\n- [ ] Other (please describe)\\r\\n\\r\\n## Testing\\r\\n\\r\\n<!-- Please describe the tests you ran to verify your changes -->\\r\\n\\r\\n- [ ] Unit tests added/updated\\r\\n- [ ] Helm chart tests pass (`helm lint` and template validation)\\r\\n- [ ] Tested changes manually\\r\\n- [ ] Added examples for new features\\r\\n\\r\\n## Checklist\\r\\n\\r\\n<!-- Please check all that apply -->\\r\\n\\r\\n- [ ] My code follows the style guidelines of this project\\r\\n- [ ] I have performed a self-review of my code\\r\\n- [ ] I have commented my code, particularly in hard-to-understand areas\\r\\n- [ ] I have made corresponding changes to the documentation\\r\\n- [ ] My changes generate no new warnings\\r\\n- [ ] I have updated the relevant CRDs if needed\\r\\n- [ ] I have updated the Helm chart version if needed\\r\\n- [ ] I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my feature works\\r\\n\\r\\n## Additional context\\r\\n\\r\\n<!-- Add any other context about the pull request here -->\\r\\n\",\"deletions\":28,\"files\":[{\"path\":\"pkg/batcher/createinstance.go\",\"additions\":93,\"deletions\":0},{\"path\":\"pkg/batcher/createinstance_test.go\",\"additions\":237,\"deletions\":0},{\"path\":\"pkg/controllers/nodeclaim/tagging/controller.go\",\"additions\":1,\"deletions\":1},{\"path\":\"pkg/providers/factory.go\",\"additions\":6,\"deletions\":4},{\"path\":\"pkg/providers/vpc/instance/bootstrap_integration_test.go\",\"additions\":6,\"deletions\":3},{\"path\":\"pkg/providers/vpc/instance/options_simple_test.go\",\"additions\":15,\"deletions\":11},{\"path\":\"pkg/providers/vpc/instance/provider.go\",\"additions\":7,\"deletions\":4},{\"path\":\"pkg/providers/vpc/instance/provider_test.go\",\"additions\":9,\"deletions\":1},{\"path\":\"pkg/providers/vpc/instance/suite_test.go\",\"additions\":7,\"deletions\":4}],\"title\":\"feat(batcher): add create 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Tested changes manually\\r\\n- [ ] Added examples for new features\\r\\n\\r\\n## Checklist\\r\\n\\r\\n<!-- Please check all that apply -->\\r\\n\\r\\n- [ ] My code follows the style guidelines of this project\\r\\n- [ ] I have performed a self-review of my code\\r\\n- [ ] I have commented my code, particularly in hard-to-understand areas\\r\\n- [ ] I have made corresponding changes to the documentation\\r\\n- [ ] My changes generate no new warnings\\r\\n- [ ] I have updated the relevant CRDs if needed\\r\\n- [ ] I have updated the Helm chart version if needed\\r\\n- [ ] I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my feature works\\r\\n\\r\\n## Additional context\\r\\n\\r\\n<!-- Add any other context about the pull request here -->\\r\\n\",\"deletions\":28,\"files\":[{\"path\":\"pkg/batcher/createinstance.go\",\"additions\":93,\"deletions\":0},{\"path\":\"pkg/batcher/createinstance_test.go\",\"additions\":237,\"deletions\":0},{\"path\":\"pkg/controllers/nodeclaim/tagging/controller.go\",\"additions\":1,\"deletions\":1},{\"path\":\"pkg/providers/factory.go\",\"additions\":6,\"deletions\":4},{\"path\":\"pkg/providers/vpc/instance/bootstrap_integration_test.go\",\"additions\":6,\"deletions\":3},{\"path\":\"pkg/providers/vpc/instance/options_simple_test.go\",\"additions\":15,\"deletions\":11},{\"path\":\"pkg/providers/vpc/instance/provider.go\",\"additions\":7,\"deletions\":4},{\"path\":\"pkg/providers/vpc/instance/provider_test.go\",\"additions\":9,\"deletions\":1},{\"path\":\"pkg/providers/vpc/instance/suite_test.go\",\"additions\":7,\"deletions\":4}],\"title\":\"feat(batcher): add create 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{"parentUuid":"6e070cd5-ace6-4b0b-9bd2-1ea4f2dfdeb5","isSidechain":false,"userType":"external","cwd":"/home/josie/development/kubernetes/karpenter-ibm","sessionId":"227ef372-398e-4424-bc9c-5e171c1e1700","version":"2.1.39","gitBranch":"main","slug":"sunny-cuddling-sunbeam","type":"user","message":{"role":"user","content":[{"tool_use_id":"toolu_01HcZgffmpBmNeoozRs6wpiH","type":"tool_result","content":"diff --git a/pkg/batcher/createinstance.go b/pkg/batcher/createinstance.go\nnew file mode 100644\nindex 00000000..e3a8f6b5\n--- /dev/null\n+++ b/pkg/batcher/createinstance.go\n@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@\n+/*\n+Copyright The Kubernetes Authors.\n+\n+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n+you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n+You may obtain a copy of the License at\n+\n+    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n+\n+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n+distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n+WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n+See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n+limitations under the License.\n+*/\n+\n+package batcher\n+\n+import (\n+\t\"context\"\n+\t\"fmt\"\n+\t\"time\"\n+\n+\t\"github.com/IBM/vpc-go-sdk/vpcv1\"\n+\t\"github.com/kubernetes-sigs/karpenter-provider-ibm-cloud/pkg/utils/vpcclient\"\n+\t\"github.com/mitchellh/hashstructure/v2\"\n+)\n+\n+type CreateInstanceInput struct {\n+\tPrototype vpcv1.InstancePrototypeIntf\n+\tZone      string\n+}\n+\n+type CreateInstanceBatcher struct {\n+\tbatcher          *Batcher[CreateInstanceInput, vpcv1.Instance]\n+\tvpcClientManager *vpcclient.Manager\n+}\n+\n+func NewCreateInstanceBatcher(ctx context.Context, vpcClientManager *vpcclient.Manager) *CreateInstanceBatcher {\n+\tc := &CreateInstanceBatcher{vpcClientManager: vpcClientManager}\n+\n+\toptions := Options[CreateInstanceInput, vpcv1.Instance]{\n+\t\tName:          \"create_instance\",\n+\t\tIdleTimeout:   50 * time.Millisecond,\n+\t\tMaxTimeout:    1 * time.Second,\n+\t\tMaxItems:      100,\n+\t\tRequestHasher: createInstanceHasher,\n+\t\tBatchExecutor: c.execCreateInstanceBatch(),\n+\t}\n+\n+\tc.batcher = NewBatcher(ctx, options)\n+\treturn c\n+}\n+\n+func (b *CreateInstanceBatcher) CreateInstance(ctx context.Context, prototype vpcv1.InstancePrototypeIntf, zone string) (*vpcv1.Instance, error) {\n+\tres := b.batcher.Add(ctx, &CreateInstanceInput{\n+\t\tPrototype: prototype,\n+\t\tZone:      zone,\n+\t})\n+\treturn res.Output, res.Err\n+}\n+\n+func createInstanceHasher(_ context.Context, req *CreateInstanceInput) (uint64, error) {\n+\tif req == nil {\n+\t\treturn 0, nil\n+\t}\n+\treturn hashstructure.Hash(req.Zone, hashstructure.FormatV2, nil)\n+}\n+\n+func (b *CreateInstanceBatcher) execCreateInstanceBatch() BatchExecutor[CreateInstanceInput, vpcv1.Instance] {\n+\treturn func(ctx context.Context, inputs []*CreateInstanceInput) []Result[vpcv1.Instance] {\n+\t\tresults := make([]Result[vpcv1.Instance], len(inputs))\n+\n+\t\tvpcClient, err := b.vpcClientManager.GetVPCClient(ctx)\n+\t\tif err != nil {\n+\t\t\tfor i := range inputs {\n+\t\t\t\tresults[i] = Result[vpcv1.Instance]{Err: fmt.Errorf(\"getting VPC client: %w\", err)}\n+\t\t\t}\n+\t\t\treturn results\n+\t\t}\n+\n+\t\tfor i, req := range inputs {\n+\t\t\tif req == nil || req.Prototype == nil {\n+\t\t\t\tresults[i] = Result[vpcv1.Instance]{Err: fmt.Errorf(\"nil instance prototype\")}\n+\t\t\t\tcontinue\n+\t\t\t}\n+\t\t\tout, err := vpcClient.CreateInstance(ctx, req.Prototype)\n+\t\t\tresults[i] = Result[vpcv1.Instance]{Output: out, Err: err}\n+\t\t}\n+\n+\t\treturn results\n+\t}\n+}\ndiff --git a/pkg/batcher/createinstance_test.go b/pkg/batcher/createinstance_test.go\nnew file mode 100644\nindex 00000000..051535ae\n--- /dev/null\n+++ b/pkg/batcher/createinstance_test.go\n@@ -0,0 +1,237 @@\n+/*\n+Copyright The Kubernetes Authors.\n+\n+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n+you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n+You may obtain a copy of the License at\n+\n+    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n+\n+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n+distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n+WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n+See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n+limitations under the License.\n+*/\n+\n+package batcher\n+\n+import (\n+\t\"context\"\n+\t\"errors\"\n+\t\"sync\"\n+\t\"sync/atomic\"\n+\t\"testing\"\n+\t\"time\"\n+\n+\t\"github.com/IBM/vpc-go-sdk/vpcv1\"\n+\t\"github.com/samber/lo\"\n+)\n+\n+func TestCreateInstanceBatcher_BatchesSameZone(t *testing.T) {\n+\tctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())\n+\tdefer cancel()\n+\n+\tvar callCount int64\n+\tc := &CreateInstanceBatcher{}\n+\n+\topts := Options[CreateInstanceInput, vpcv1.Instance]{\n+\t\tName:          \"create_instance\",\n+\t\tIdleTimeout:   5 * time.Millisecond,\n+\t\tMaxTimeout:    50 * time.Millisecond,\n+\t\tMaxItems:      100,\n+\t\tRequestHasher: createInstanceHasher,\n+\t\tBatchExecutor: func(ctx context.Context, inputs []*CreateInstanceInput) []Result[vpcv1.Instance] {\n+\t\t\tatomic.AddInt64(&callCount, 1)\n+\t\t\tresults := make([]Result[vpcv1.Instance], len(inputs))\n+\t\t\tfor i := range inputs {\n+\t\t\t\tresults[i] = Result[vpcv1.Instance]{\n+\t\t\t\t\tOutput: &vpcv1.Instance{ID: lo.ToPtr(\"test-id\")},\n+\t\t\t\t}\n+\t\t\t}\n+\t\t\treturn results\n+\t\t},\n+\t}\n+\tc.batcher = NewBatcher(ctx, opts)\n+\n+\tconst zone = \"us-south-1\"\n+\tconst n = 50\n+\n+\tvar wg sync.WaitGroup\n+\twg.Add(n)\n+\n+\terrs := make(chan error, n)\n+\tfor i := 0; i < n; i++ {\n+\t\tgo func() {\n+\t\t\tdefer wg.Done()\n+\t\t\tprototype := &vpcv1.InstancePrototype{Name: lo.ToPtr(\"test\")}\n+\t\t\t_, err := c.CreateInstance(ctx, prototype, zone)\n+\t\t\terrs <- err\n+\t\t}()\n+\t}\n+\twg.Wait()\n+\tclose(errs)\n+\n+\tfor err := range errs {\n+\t\tif err != nil {\n+\t\t\tt.Fatalf(\"expected nil error, got %v\", err)\n+\t\t}\n+\t}\n+\n+\t// All same-zone requests should be batched together (1 batch execution)\n+\tif got := atomic.LoadInt64(&callCount); got != 1 {\n+\t\tt.Fatalf(\"expected 1 batch execution, got %d\", got)\n+\t}\n+}\n+\n+func TestCreateInstanceBatcher_SeparatesDifferentZones(t *testing.T) {\n+\tctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())\n+\tdefer cancel()\n+\n+\tvar callCount int64\n+\tc := &CreateInstanceBatcher{}\n+\n+\topts := Options[CreateInstanceInput, vpcv1.Instance]{\n+\t\tName:          \"create_instance\",\n+\t\tIdleTimeout:   5 * time.Millisecond,\n+\t\tMaxTimeout:    50 * time.Millisecond,\n+\t\tMaxItems:      100,\n+\t\tRequestHasher: createInstanceHasher,\n+\t\tBatchExecutor: func(ctx context.Context, inputs []*CreateInstanceInput) []Result[vpcv1.Instance] {\n+\t\t\tatomic.AddInt64(&callCount, 1)\n+\t\t\tresults := make([]Result[vpcv1.Instance], len(inputs))\n+\t\t\tfor i := range inputs {\n+\t\t\t\tresults[i] = Result[vpcv1.Instance]{\n+\t\t\t\t\tOutput: &vpcv1.Instance{ID: lo.ToPtr(\"test-id\")},\n+\t\t\t\t}\n+\t\t\t}\n+\t\t\treturn results\n+\t\t},\n+\t}\n+\tc.batcher = NewBatcher(ctx, opts)\n+\n+\tzones := []string{\"us-south-1\", \"us-south-2\", \"us-south-3\"}\n+\tconst perZone = 20\n+\n+\tvar wg sync.WaitGroup\n+\twg.Add(len(zones) * perZone)\n+\n+\tfor _, zone := range zones {\n+\t\tzone := zone\n+\t\tfor i := 0; i < perZone; i++ {\n+\t\t\tgo func() {\n+\t\t\t\tdefer wg.Done()\n+\t\t\t\tprototype := &vpcv1.InstancePrototype{Name: lo.ToPtr(\"test\")}\n+\t\t\t\t_, err := c.CreateInstance(ctx, prototype, zone)\n+\t\t\t\tif err != nil {\n+\t\t\t\t\tt.Errorf(\"unexpected err for zone %q: %v\", zone, err)\n+\t\t\t\t}\n+\t\t\t}()\n+\t\t}\n+\t}\n+\twg.Wait()\n+\n+\t// One batch execution per distinct zone\n+\tif got := atomic.LoadInt64(&callCount); got != int64(len(zones)) {\n+\t\tt.Fatalf(\"expected %d batch executions, got %d\", len(zones), got)\n+\t}\n+}\n+\n+func TestCreateInstanceBatcher_FansOutError(t *testing.T) {\n+\tctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())\n+\tdefer cancel()\n+\n+\ttestErr := errors.New(\"VPC client error\")\n+\tc := &CreateInstanceBatcher{}\n+\n+\topts := Options[CreateInstanceInput, vpcv1.Instance]{\n+\t\tName:          \"create_instance\",\n+\t\tIdleTimeout:   5 * time.Millisecond,\n+\t\tMaxTimeout:    50 * time.Millisecond,\n+\t\tMaxItems:      100,\n+\t\tRequestHasher: createInstanceHasher,\n+\t\tBatchExecutor: func(ctx context.Context, inputs []*CreateInstanceInput) []Result[vpcv1.Instance] {\n+\t\t\tresults := make([]Result[vpcv1.Instance], len(inputs))\n+\t\t\tfor i := range inputs {\n+\t\t\t\tresults[i] = Result[vpcv1.Instance]{Err: testErr}\n+\t\t\t}\n+\t\t\treturn results\n+\t\t},\n+\t}\n+\tc.batcher = NewBatcher(ctx, opts)\n+\n+\tconst zone = \"us-south-1\"\n+\tconst n = 30\n+\n+\tvar wg sync.WaitGroup\n+\twg.Add(n)\n+\n+\terrs := make(chan error, n)\n+\tfor i := 0; i < n; i++ {\n+\t\tgo func() {\n+\t\t\tdefer wg.Done()\n+\t\t\tprototype := &vpcv1.InstancePrototype{Name: lo.ToPtr(\"test\")}\n+\t\t\t_, err := c.CreateInstance(ctx, prototype, zone)\n+\t\t\terrs <- err\n+\t\t}()\n+\t}\n+\twg.Wait()\n+\tclose(errs)\n+\n+\tfor err := range errs {\n+\t\tif err == nil {\n+\t\t\tt.Fatalf(\"expected error, got nil\")\n+\t\t}\n+\t}\n+}\n+\n+func TestCreateInstanceBatcher_NilPrototypeReturnsError(t *testing.T) {\n+\tctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())\n+\tdefer cancel()\n+\n+\tc := &CreateInstanceBatcher{}\n+\n+\topts := Options[CreateInstanceInput, vpcv1.Instance]{\n+\t\tName:          \"create_instance\",\n+\t\tIdleTimeout:   5 * time.Millisecond,\n+\t\tMaxTimeout:    50 * time.Millisecond,\n+\t\tMaxItems:      100,\n+\t\tRequestHasher: createInstanceHasher,\n+\t\tBatchExecutor: func(ctx context.Context, inputs []*CreateInstanceInput) []Result[vpcv1.Instance] {\n+\t\t\tresults := make([]Result[vpcv1.Instance], len(inputs))\n+\t\t\tfor i, req := range inputs {\n+\t\t\t\tif req == nil || req.Prototype == nil {\n+\t\t\t\t\tresults[i] = Result[vpcv1.Instance]{Err: errors.New(\"nil instance prototype\")}\n+\t\t\t\t\tcontinue\n+\t\t\t\t}\n+\t\t\t\tresults[i] = Result[vpcv1.Instance]{\n+\t\t\t\t\tOutput: &vpcv1.Instance{ID: lo.ToPtr(\"test-id\")},\n+\t\t\t\t}\n+\t\t\t}\n+\t\t\treturn results\n+\t\t},\n+\t}\n+\tc.batcher = NewBatcher(ctx, opts)\n+\n+\t_, err := c.CreateInstance(ctx, nil, \"us-south-1\")\n+\tif err == nil {\n+\t\tt.Fatal(\"expected error for nil prototype, got nil\")\n+\t}\n+}\n+\n+func TestCreateInstanceHasher(t *testing.T) {\n+\tctx := context.Background()\n+\n+\t// Same zone should produce same hash\n+\thash1, _ := createInstanceHasher(ctx, &CreateInstanceInput{Zone: \"us-south-1\", Prototype: &vpcv1.InstancePrototype{Name: lo.ToPtr(\"a\")}})\n+\thash2, _ := createInstanceHasher(ctx, &CreateInstanceInput{Zone: \"us-south-1\", Prototype: &vpcv1.InstancePrototype{Name: lo.ToPtr(\"b\")}})\n+\tif hash1 != hash2 {\n+\t\tt.Errorf(\"same zone should produce same hash: %d != %d\", hash1, hash2)\n+\t}\n+\n+\t// Different zones should produce different hashes\n+\thash3, _ := createInstanceHasher(ctx, &CreateInstanceInput{Zone: \"us-south-2\", Prototype: &vpcv1.InstancePrototype{}})\n+\tif hash1 == hash3 {\n+\t\tt.Errorf(\"different zones should produce different hashes\")\n+\t}\n+}\ndiff --git a/pkg/controllers/nodeclaim/tagging/controller.go b/pkg/controllers/nodeclaim/tagging/controller.go\nindex 060e1f1c..442329c5 100644\n--- a/pkg/controllers/nodeclaim/tagging/controller.go\n+++ b/pkg/controllers/nodeclaim/tagging/controller.go\n@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ func (c *Controller) isVPCMode(nodeClass *v1alpha1.IBMNodeClass) bool {\n // updateVPCInstanceTags updates tags on a VPC instance\n func (c *Controller) updateVPCInstanceTags(ctx context.Context, providerID string, tags map[string]string) error {\n \t// Create VPC provider for this specific operation\n-\tvpcProvider, err := vpcProvider.NewVPCInstanceProvider(c.ibmClient, c.kubeClient)\n+\tvpcProvider, err := vpcProvider.NewVPCInstanceProvider(ctx, c.ibmClient, c.kubeClient)\n \tif err != nil {\n \t\treturn fmt.Errorf(\"creating VPC provider: %w\", err)\n \t}\ndiff --git a/pkg/providers/factory.go b/pkg/providers/factory.go\nindex 4a3bbd72..4b6f00fa 100644\n--- a/pkg/providers/factory.go\n+++ b/pkg/providers/factory.go\n@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ import (\n \n // ProviderFactory creates the appropriate instance provider based on the NodeClass configuration\n type ProviderFactory struct {\n+\tctx                  context.Context\n \tclient               *ibm.Client\n \tkubeClient           client.Client\n \tkubernetesClient     kubernetes.Interface\n@@ -52,6 +53,7 @@ func NewProviderFactory(ctx context.Context, client *ibm.Client, kubeClient clie\n \tinstanceTypeProvider := instancetype.NewProvider(client, pricingProvider)\n \n \treturn &ProviderFactory{\n+\t\tctx:                  ctx,\n \t\tclient:               client,\n \t\tkubeClient:           kubeClient,\n \t\tkubernetesClient:     kubernetesClient,\n@@ -74,10 +76,10 @@ func (f *ProviderFactory) GetInstanceProvider(nodeClass *v1alpha1.IBMNodeClass)\n \t\treturn iksProvider.NewIKSWorkerPoolProvider(f.client, f.kubeClient)\n \tcase commonTypes.VPCMode:\n \t\tif f.kubernetesClient != nil {\n-\t\t\treturn vpcProvider.NewVPCInstanceProvider(f.client, f.kubeClient, vpcProvider.WithKubernetesClient(f.kubernetesClient))\n+\t\t\treturn vpcProvider.NewVPCInstanceProvider(f.ctx, f.client, f.kubeClient, vpcProvider.WithKubernetesClient(f.kubernetesClient))\n \t\t}\n \t\t// Standard constructor without kubernetes client\n-\t\treturn vpcProvider.NewVPCInstanceProvider(f.client, f.kubeClient)\n+\t\treturn vpcProvider.NewVPCInstanceProvider(f.ctx, f.client, f.kubeClient)\n \tdefault:\n \t\treturn nil, fmt.Errorf(\"unknown provider mode: %s\", mode)\n \t}\n@@ -95,10 +97,10 @@ func (f *ProviderFactory) GetVPCProvider(nodeClass *v1alpha1.IBMNodeClass) (comm\n \t}\n \n \tif f.kubernetesClient != nil {\n-\t\treturn vpcProvider.NewVPCInstanceProvider(f.client, f.kubeClient, vpcProvider.WithKubernetesClient(f.kubernetesClient))\n+\t\treturn vpcProvider.NewVPCInstanceProvider(f.ctx, f.client, f.kubeClient, vpcProvider.WithKubernetesClient(f.kubernetesClient))\n \t}\n \t// Standard constructor without kubernetes client\n-\treturn vpcProvider.NewVPCInstanceProvider(f.client, f.kubeClient)\n+\treturn vpcProvider.NewVPCInstanceProvider(f.ctx, f.client, f.kubeClient)\n }\n \n // GetIKSProvider returns an IKS-specific provider\ndiff --git a/pkg/providers/vpc/instance/bootstrap_integration_test.go b/pkg/providers/vpc/instance/bootstrap_integration_test.go\nindex 38c476f8..50b24494 100644\n--- a/pkg/providers/vpc/instance/bootstrap_integration_test.go\n+++ b/pkg/providers/vpc/instance/bootstrap_integration_test.go\n@@ -70,7 +70,8 @@ func TestBootstrapIntegration(t *testing.T) {\n \t\t\tkubeClient := fake.NewClientBuilder().Build()\n \n \t\t\t// Create VPC instance provider\n-\t\t\tprovider, err := NewVPCInstanceProvider(mockClient, kubeClient)\n+\t\t\tctx := context.Background()\n+\t\t\tprovider, err := NewVPCInstanceProvider(ctx, mockClient, kubeClient)\n \t\t\tassert.NoError(t, err)\n \n \t\t\tvpcProvider := provider.(*VPCInstanceProvider)\n@@ -104,10 +105,11 @@ func TestBootstrapBehavior(t *testing.T) {\n \t_ = os.Setenv(\"IBMCLOUD_API_KEY\", \"test-api-key\")\n \n \t// Create mock IBM client\n+\tctx := context.Background()\n \tmockClient := &ibm.Client{}\n \tkubeClient := fake.NewClientBuilder().Build()\n \n-\tprovider, err := NewVPCInstanceProvider(mockClient, kubeClient)\n+\tprovider, err := NewVPCInstanceProvider(ctx, mockClient, kubeClient)\n \tassert.NoError(t, err)\n \n \tvpcProvider := provider.(*VPCInstanceProvider)\n@@ -137,10 +139,11 @@ func TestBootstrapProviderLazyInitialization(t *testing.T) {\n \t// Set test API key to satisfy the requirement\n \t_ = os.Setenv(\"IBMCLOUD_API_KEY\", \"test-api-key\")\n \n+\tctx := context.Background()\n \tmockClient := &ibm.Client{}\n \tkubeClient := fake.NewClientBuilder().Build()\n \n-\tprovider, err := NewVPCInstanceProvider(mockClient, kubeClient)\n+\tprovider, err := NewVPCInstanceProvider(ctx, mockClient, kubeClient)\n \tassert.NoError(t, err)\n \n \tvpcProvider := provider.(*VPCInstanceProvider)\ndiff --git a/pkg/providers/vpc/instance/options_simple_test.go b/pkg/providers/vpc/instance/options_simple_test.go\nindex 734e456b..8c542111 100644\n--- a/pkg/providers/vpc/instance/options_simple_test.go\n+++ b/pkg/providers/vpc/instance/options_simple_test.go\n@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ limitations under the License.\n package instance\n \n import (\n+\t\"context\"\n \t\"fmt\"\n \t\"os\"\n \t\"testing\"\n@@ -32,6 +33,7 @@ import (\n )\n \n func TestVPCInstanceProvider_ConstructorBehavior(t *testing.T) {\n+\tctx := context.Background()\n \tclient := &ibm.Client{}\n \tkubeClient := fakeClient.NewClientBuilder().Build()\n \n@@ -40,7 +42,7 @@ func TestVPCInstanceProvider_ConstructorBehavior(t *testing.T) {\n \t\t_ = os.Setenv(\"IBMCLOUD_API_KEY\", \"test-api-key\")\n \t\tdefer func() { _ = os.Unsetenv(\"IBMCLOUD_API_KEY\") }()\n \n-\t\tprovider, err := NewVPCInstanceProvider(client, kubeClient)\n+\t\tprovider, err := NewVPCInstanceProvider(ctx, client, kubeClient)\n \t\trequire.NoError(t, err)\n \t\tassert.NotNil(t, provider)\n \t})\n@@ -49,7 +51,7 @@ func TestVPCInstanceProvider_ConstructorBehavior(t *testing.T) {\n \t\t// Ensure environment variable is not set\n \t\t_ = os.Unsetenv(\"IBMCLOUD_API_KEY\")\n \n-\t\t_, err := NewVPCInstanceProvider(client, kubeClient)\n+\t\t_, err := NewVPCInstanceProvider(ctx, client, kubeClient)\n \t\tassert.Error(t, err)\n \t\tassert.Contains(t, err.Error(), \"IBMCLOUD_API_KEY environment variable is required\")\n \t})\n@@ -58,7 +60,7 @@ func TestVPCInstanceProvider_ConstructorBehavior(t *testing.T) {\n \t\t_ = os.Setenv(\"IBMCLOUD_API_KEY\", \"test-api-key\")\n \t\tdefer func() { _ = os.Unsetenv(\"IBMCLOUD_API_KEY\") }()\n \n-\t\t_, err := NewVPCInstanceProvider(nil, kubeClient)\n+\t\t_, err := NewVPCInstanceProvider(ctx, nil, kubeClient)\n \t\tassert.Error(t, err)\n \t\tassert.Contains(t, err.Error(), \"IBM client cannot be nil\")\n \t})\n@@ -67,7 +69,7 @@ func TestVPCInstanceProvider_ConstructorBehavior(t *testing.T) {\n \t\t_ = os.Setenv(\"IBMCLOUD_API_KEY\", \"test-api-key\")\n \t\tdefer func() { _ = os.Unsetenv(\"IBMCLOUD_API_KEY\") }()\n \n-\t\t_, err := NewVPCInstanceProvider(client, nil)\n+\t\t_, err := NewVPCInstanceProvider(ctx, client, nil)\n \t\tassert.Error(t, err)\n \t\tassert.Contains(t, err.Error(), \"kubernetes client cannot be nil\")\n \t})\n@@ -79,7 +81,7 @@ func TestVPCInstanceProvider_ConstructorBehavior(t *testing.T) {\n \t\t//nolint:staticcheck // SA1019: NewSimpleClientset is deprecated but NewClientset requires generated apply configurations\n \t\tk8sClient := fake.NewSimpleClientset()\n \n-\t\tprovider, err := NewVPCInstanceProvider(client, kubeClient, WithKubernetesClient(k8sClient))\n+\t\tprovider, err := NewVPCInstanceProvider(ctx, client, kubeClient, WithKubernetesClient(k8sClient))\n \t\trequire.NoError(t, err)\n \t\tassert.NotNil(t, provider)\n \t})\n@@ -88,7 +90,7 @@ func TestVPCInstanceProvider_ConstructorBehavior(t *testing.T) {\n \t\t_ = os.Setenv(\"IBMCLOUD_API_KEY\", \"test-api-key\")\n \t\tdefer func() { _ = os.Unsetenv(\"IBMCLOUD_API_KEY\") }()\n \n-\t\t_, err := NewVPCInstanceProvider(client, kubeClient, WithKubernetesClient(nil))\n+\t\t_, err := NewVPCInstanceProvider(ctx, client, kubeClient, WithKubernetesClient(nil))\n \t\tassert.Error(t, err)\n \t\tassert.Contains(t, err.Error(), \"kubernetes client cannot be nil when provided\")\n \t})\n@@ -101,7 +103,7 @@ func TestVPCInstanceProvider_ConstructorBehavior(t *testing.T) {\n \t\tk8sClient := fake.NewSimpleClientset()\n \t\tbootstrapProvider := bootstrap.NewVPCBootstrapProvider(client, k8sClient, kubeClient)\n \n-\t\tprovider, err := NewVPCInstanceProvider(client, kubeClient, WithBootstrapProvider(bootstrapProvider))\n+\t\tprovider, err := NewVPCInstanceProvider(ctx, client, kubeClient, WithBootstrapProvider(bootstrapProvider))\n \t\trequire.NoError(t, err)\n \t\tassert.NotNil(t, provider)\n \t})\n@@ -110,7 +112,7 @@ func TestVPCInstanceProvider_ConstructorBehavior(t *testing.T) {\n \t\t_ = os.Setenv(\"IBMCLOUD_API_KEY\", \"test-api-key\")\n \t\tdefer func() { _ = os.Unsetenv(\"IBMCLOUD_API_KEY\") }()\n \n-\t\t_, err := NewVPCInstanceProvider(client, kubeClient, WithBootstrapProvider(nil))\n+\t\t_, err := NewVPCInstanceProvider(ctx, client, kubeClient, WithBootstrapProvider(nil))\n \t\tassert.Error(t, err)\n \t\tassert.Contains(t, err.Error(), \"bootstrap provider cannot be nil when provided\")\n \t})\n@@ -121,7 +123,7 @@ func TestVPCInstanceProvider_ConstructorBehavior(t *testing.T) {\n \n \t\tmanager := vpcclient.NewManager(client, 0) // Use 0 timeout for test\n \n-\t\tprovider, err := NewVPCInstanceProvider(client, kubeClient, WithVPCClientManager(manager))\n+\t\tprovider, err := NewVPCInstanceProvider(ctx, client, kubeClient, WithVPCClientManager(manager))\n \t\trequire.NoError(t, err)\n \t\tassert.NotNil(t, provider)\n \t})\n@@ -130,7 +132,7 @@ func TestVPCInstanceProvider_ConstructorBehavior(t *testing.T) {\n \t\t_ = os.Setenv(\"IBMCLOUD_API_KEY\", \"test-api-key\")\n \t\tdefer func() { _ = os.Unsetenv(\"IBMCLOUD_API_KEY\") }()\n \n-\t\t_, err := NewVPCInstanceProvider(client, kubeClient, WithVPCClientManager(nil))\n+\t\t_, err := NewVPCInstanceProvider(ctx, client, kubeClient, WithVPCClientManager(nil))\n \t\tassert.Error(t, err)\n \t\tassert.Contains(t, err.Error(), \"VPC client manager cannot be nil when provided\")\n \t})\n@@ -145,6 +147,7 @@ func TestVPCInstanceProvider_ConstructorBehavior(t *testing.T) {\n \t\tmanager := vpcclient.NewManager(client, 0)\n \n \t\tprovider, err := NewVPCInstanceProvider(\n+\t\t\tctx,\n \t\t\tclient,\n \t\t\tkubeClient,\n \t\t\tWithKubernetesClient(k8sClient),\n@@ -207,6 +210,7 @@ func TestOptionFunctions_Behavior(t *testing.T) {\n \t\t_ = os.Setenv(\"IBMCLOUD_API_KEY\", \"test-api-key\")\n \t\tdefer func() { _ = os.Unsetenv(\"IBMCLOUD_API_KEY\") }()\n \n+\t\tctx := context.Background()\n \t\tclient := &ibm.Client{}\n \t\tkubeClient := fakeClient.NewClientBuilder().Build()\n \t\t//nolint:staticcheck // SA1019: NewSimpleClientset is deprecated but NewClientset requires generated apply configurations\n@@ -223,7 +227,7 @@ func TestOptionFunctions_Behavior(t *testing.T) {\n \n \t\tfor i, opts := range orders {\n \t\t\tt.Run(fmt.Sprintf(\"order_%d\", i+1), func(t *testing.T) {\n-\t\t\t\tprovider, err := NewVPCInstanceProvider(client, kubeClient, opts...)\n+\t\t\t\tprovider, err := NewVPCInstanceProvider(ctx, client, kubeClient, opts...)\n \t\t\t\trequire.NoError(t, err)\n \t\t\t\tassert.NotNil(t, provider)\n \t\t\t})\ndiff --git a/pkg/providers/vpc/instance/provider.go b/pkg/providers/vpc/instance/provider.go\nindex 39478bc1..95fc726d 100644\n--- a/pkg/providers/vpc/instance/provider.go\n+++ b/pkg/providers/vpc/instance/provider.go\n@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ import (\n \t\"github.com/IBM/go-sdk-core/v5/core\"\n \t\"github.com/IBM/vpc-go-sdk/vpcv1\"\n \t\"github.com/go-logr/logr\"\n+\t\"github.com/kubernetes-sigs/karpenter-provider-ibm-cloud/pkg/batcher\"\n \t\"github.com/kubernetes-sigs/karpenter-provider-ibm-cloud/pkg/cache\"\n \tcorev1 \"k8s.io/api/core/v1\"\n \tmetav1 \"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1\"\n@@ -65,6 +66,7 @@ type VPCInstanceProvider struct {\n \tsubnetProvider         subnet.Provider\n \tvpcClientManager       *vpcclient.Manager\n \tresourceManagerService *resourcemanagerv2.ResourceManagerV2\n+\tcreateInstanceBatcher  *batcher.CreateInstanceBatcher\n \tinstanceCache          *cache.Cache\n }\n \n@@ -120,7 +122,7 @@ func WithInstanceCache(c *cache.Cache) Option {\n }\n \n // NewVPCInstanceProvider creates a new VPC instance provider with optional configuration\n-func NewVPCInstanceProvider(client *ibm.Client, kubeClient client.Client, opts ...Option) (commonTypes.VPCInstanceProvider, error) {\n+func NewVPCInstanceProvider(ctx context.Context, client *ibm.Client, kubeClient client.Client, opts ...Option) (commonTypes.VPCInstanceProvider, error) {\n \tif client == nil {\n \t\treturn nil, fmt.Errorf(\"IBM client cannot be nil\")\n \t}\n@@ -139,6 +141,7 @@ func NewVPCInstanceProvider(client *ibm.Client, kubeClient client.Client, opts .\n \t\tresourceManagerService: nil, // Will be initialized after applying options\n \t\tinstanceCache:          cache.New(constants.DefaultVPCClientCacheTTL),\n \t}\n+\tprovider.createInstanceBatcher = batcher.NewCreateInstanceBatcher(ctx, provider.vpcClientManager)\n \n \t// Apply options\n \tfor _, opt := range opts {\n@@ -172,8 +175,8 @@ func NewVPCInstanceProvider(client *ibm.Client, kubeClient client.Client, opts .\n \n // Deprecated: Use NewVPCInstanceProvider with WithKubernetesClient option instead\n // NewVPCInstanceProviderWithKubernetesClient creates a new VPC instance provider with kubernetes client\n-func NewVPCInstanceProviderWithKubernetesClient(client *ibm.Client, kubeClient client.Client, kubernetesClient kubernetes.Interface) (commonTypes.VPCInstanceProvider, error) {\n-\treturn NewVPCInstanceProvider(client, kubeClient, WithKubernetesClient(kubernetesClient))\n+func NewVPCInstanceProviderWithKubernetesClient(ctx context.Context, client *ibm.Client, kubeClient client.Client, kubernetesClient kubernetes.Interface) (commonTypes.VPCInstanceProvider, error) {\n+\treturn NewVPCInstanceProvider(ctx, client, kubeClient, WithKubernetesClient(kubernetesClient))\n }\n \n // Create provisions a new VPC instance\n@@ -692,7 +695,7 @@ func (p *VPCInstanceProvider) Create(ctx context.Context, nodeClaim *karpv1.Node\n \t}\n \n \t// Create the instance\n-\tinstance, err := vpcClient.CreateInstance(ctx, instancePrototype)\n+\tinstance, err := p.createInstanceBatcher.CreateInstance(ctx, instancePrototype, zone)\n \tif err != nil {\n \t\t// Check if this is a partial failure that might have created resources\n \t\tibmErr := ibm.ParseError(err)\ndiff --git a/pkg/providers/vpc/instance/provider_test.go b/pkg/providers/vpc/instance/provider_test.go\nindex 1fe7c072..3b10faeb 100644\n--- a/pkg/providers/vpc/instance/provider_test.go\n+++ b/pkg/providers/vpc/instance/provider_test.go\n@@ -1348,7 +1348,8 @@ func TestNewVPCInstanceProvider(t *testing.T) {\n \t\tt.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {\n \t\t\t// Note: NewVPCInstanceProvider requires IBMCLOUD_API_KEY environment variable\n \t\t\t// These tests focus on client validation which happens before env var check\n-\t\t\t_, err := NewVPCInstanceProvider(tt.client, tt.kubeClient)\n+\t\t\tctx := context.Background()\n+\t\t\t_, err := NewVPCInstanceProvider(ctx, tt.client, tt.kubeClient)\n \n \t\t\tif tt.expectError {\n \t\t\t\tassert.Error(t, err)\n@@ -2056,6 +2057,7 @@ func TestProviderGet_CacheHit(t *testing.T) {\n \tdefer instanceCache.Stop()\n \n \tprovider, err := NewVPCInstanceProvider(\n+\t\tctx,\n \t\t&ibm.Client{},\n \t\t&mockKubeClient{},\n \t\tWithVPCClientManager(manager),\n@@ -2112,6 +2114,7 @@ func TestProviderDelete_InvalidatesCache(t *testing.T) {\n \tinstanceCache.Set(instanceID, cachedNode)\n \n \tprovider, err := NewVPCInstanceProvider(\n+\t\tctx,\n \t\t&ibm.Client{},\n \t\t&mockKubeClient{},\n \t\tWithVPCClientManager(manager),\n@@ -2179,6 +2182,7 @@ func TestProviderGet_DeletingInstanceNotCached(t *testing.T) {\n \tdefer instanceCache.Stop()\n \n \tprovider, err := NewVPCInstanceProvider(\n+\t\tctx,\n \t\t&ibm.Client{},\n \t\t&mockKubeClient{},\n \t\tWithVPCClientManager(manager),\n@@ -2227,6 +2231,7 @@ func TestProviderGet_InvalidCacheEntry_NoPanic(t *testing.T) {\n \tinstanceCache.Set(instanceID, \"this is not a node\")\n \n \tprovider, err := NewVPCInstanceProvider(\n+\t\tctx,\n \t\t&ibm.Client{},\n \t\t&mockKubeClient{},\n \t\tWithVPCClientManager(manager),\n@@ -2275,6 +2280,7 @@ func TestProviderList_PopulatesCache(t *testing.T) {\n \tdefer instanceCache.Stop()\n \n \tprovider, err := NewVPCInstanceProvider(\n+\t\tctx,\n \t\t&ibm.Client{},\n \t\t&mockKubeClient{},\n \t\tWithVPCClientManager(manager),\n@@ -2350,6 +2356,7 @@ func TestProviderList_DeletingInstanceNotCached(t *testing.T) {\n \tdefer instanceCache.Stop()\n \n \tprovider, err := NewVPCInstanceProvider(\n+\t\tctx,\n \t\t&ibm.Client{},\n \t\t&mockKubeClient{},\n \t\tWithVPCClientManager(manager),\n@@ -2409,6 +2416,7 @@ func TestProviderList_CorrectRegionFromZone(t *testing.T) {\n \tdefer instanceCache.Stop()\n \n \tprovider, err := NewVPCInstanceProvider(\n+\t\tctx,\n \t\t&ibm.Client{},\n \t\t&mockKubeClient{},\n \t\tWithVPCClientManager(manager),\ndiff --git a/pkg/providers/vpc/instance/suite_test.go b/pkg/providers/vpc/instance/suite_test.go\nindex f090e772..9aa9f4a0 100644\n--- a/pkg/providers/vpc/instance/suite_test.go\n+++ b/pkg/providers/vpc/instance/suite_test.go\n@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ limitations under the License.\n package instance_test\n \n import (\n+\t\"context\"\n \t\"os\"\n \t\"testing\"\n \n@@ -35,11 +36,13 @@ func TestVPCInstanceProvider(t *testing.T) {\n \n var _ = Describe(\"VPC Instance Provider\", func() {\n \tvar (\n+\t\tctx        context.Context\n \t\tclient     *ibm.Client\n \t\tkubeClient *fake.ClientBuilder\n \t)\n \n \tBeforeEach(func() {\n+\t\tctx = context.Background()\n \t\t_ = os.Setenv(\"IBMCLOUD_API_KEY\", \"test-api-key\")\n \t\tclient = &ibm.Client{}\n \t\tkubeClient = fake.NewClientBuilder()\n@@ -52,7 +55,7 @@ var _ = Describe(\"VPC Instance Provider\", func() {\n \tDescribe(\"Constructor\", func() {\n \t\tIt(\"should create a new VPC instance provider with valid inputs\", func() {\n \t\t\tfakeClient := kubeClient.Build()\n-\t\t\tprovider, err := instance.NewVPCInstanceProvider(client, fakeClient)\n+\t\t\tprovider, err := instance.NewVPCInstanceProvider(ctx, client, fakeClient)\n \n \t\t\tExpect(err).ToNot(HaveOccurred())\n \t\t\tExpect(provider).ToNot(BeNil())\n@@ -60,7 +63,7 @@ var _ = Describe(\"VPC Instance Provider\", func() {\n \n \t\tIt(\"should return an error with nil IBM client\", func() {\n \t\t\tfakeClient := kubeClient.Build()\n-\t\t\tprovider, err := instance.NewVPCInstanceProvider(nil, fakeClient)\n+\t\t\tprovider, err := instance.NewVPCInstanceProvider(ctx, nil, fakeClient)\n \n \t\t\tExpect(err).To(HaveOccurred())\n \t\t\tExpect(provider).To(BeNil())\n@@ -68,7 +71,7 @@ var _ = Describe(\"VPC Instance Provider\", func() {\n \t\t})\n \n \t\tIt(\"should return an error with nil kube client\", func() {\n-\t\t\tprovider, err := instance.NewVPCInstanceProvider(client, nil)\n+\t\t\tprovider, err := instance.NewVPCInstanceProvider(ctx, client, nil)\n \n \t\t\tExpect(err).To(HaveOccurred())\n \t\t\tExpect(provider).To(BeNil())\n@@ -79,7 +82,7 @@ var _ = Describe(\"VPC Instance Provider\", func() {\n \tDescribe(\"Options Pattern\", func() {\n \t\tIt(\"should apply kubernetes client option correctly\", func() {\n \t\t\tfakeClient := kubeClient.Build()\n-\t\t\tprovider, err := instance.NewVPCInstanceProvider(client, fakeClient)\n+\t\t\tprovider, err := instance.NewVPCInstanceProvider(ctx, client, fakeClient)\n \n \t\t\tExpect(err).ToNot(HaveOccurred())\n \t\t\tExpect(provider).ToNot(BeNil())","is_error":false}]},"uuid":"7a058abd-f22c-4cc8-83cc-4436a9ab4158","timestamp":"2026-02-11T17:54:54.549Z","toolUseResult":{"stdout":"diff --git a/pkg/batcher/createinstance.go b/pkg/batcher/createinstance.go\nnew file mode 100644\nindex 00000000..e3a8f6b5\n--- /dev/null\n+++ b/pkg/batcher/createinstance.go\n@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@\n+/*\n+Copyright The Kubernetes Authors.\n+\n+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n+you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n+You may obtain a copy of the License at\n+\n+    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n+\n+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n+distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n+WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n+See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n+limitations under the License.\n+*/\n+\n+package batcher\n+\n+import (\n+\t\"context\"\n+\t\"fmt\"\n+\t\"time\"\n+\n+\t\"github.com/IBM/vpc-go-sdk/vpcv1\"\n+\t\"github.com/kubernetes-sigs/karpenter-provider-ibm-cloud/pkg/utils/vpcclient\"\n+\t\"github.com/mitchellh/hashstructure/v2\"\n+)\n+\n+type CreateInstanceInput struct {\n+\tPrototype vpcv1.InstancePrototypeIntf\n+\tZone      string\n+}\n+\n+type CreateInstanceBatcher struct {\n+\tbatcher          *Batcher[CreateInstanceInput, vpcv1.Instance]\n+\tvpcClientManager *vpcclient.Manager\n+}\n+\n+func NewCreateInstanceBatcher(ctx context.Context, vpcClientManager *vpcclient.Manager) *CreateInstanceBatcher {\n+\tc := &CreateInstanceBatcher{vpcClientManager: vpcClientManager}\n+\n+\toptions := Options[CreateInstanceInput, vpcv1.Instance]{\n+\t\tName:          \"create_instance\",\n+\t\tIdleTimeout:   50 * time.Millisecond,\n+\t\tMaxTimeout:    1 * time.Second,\n+\t\tMaxItems:      100,\n+\t\tRequestHasher: createInstanceHasher,\n+\t\tBatchExecutor: c.execCreateInstanceBatch(),\n+\t}\n+\n+\tc.batcher = NewBatcher(ctx, options)\n+\treturn c\n+}\n+\n+func (b *CreateInstanceBatcher) CreateInstance(ctx context.Context, prototype vpcv1.InstancePrototypeIntf, zone string) (*vpcv1.Instance, error) {\n+\tres := b.batcher.Add(ctx, &CreateInstanceInput{\n+\t\tPrototype: prototype,\n+\t\tZone:      zone,\n+\t})\n+\treturn res.Output, res.Err\n+}\n+\n+func createInstanceHasher(_ context.Context, req *CreateInstanceInput) (uint64, error) {\n+\tif req == nil {\n+\t\treturn 0, nil\n+\t}\n+\treturn hashstructure.Hash(req.Zone, hashstructure.FormatV2, nil)\n+}\n+\n+func (b *CreateInstanceBatcher) execCreateInstanceBatch() BatchExecutor[CreateInstanceInput, vpcv1.Instance] {\n+\treturn func(ctx context.Context, inputs []*CreateInstanceInput) []Result[vpcv1.Instance] {\n+\t\tresults := make([]Result[vpcv1.Instance], len(inputs))\n+\n+\t\tvpcClient, err := b.vpcClientManager.GetVPCClient(ctx)\n+\t\tif err != nil {\n+\t\t\tfor i := range inputs {\n+\t\t\t\tresults[i] = Result[vpcv1.Instance]{Err: fmt.Errorf(\"getting VPC client: %w\", err)}\n+\t\t\t}\n+\t\t\treturn results\n+\t\t}\n+\n+\t\tfor i, req := range inputs {\n+\t\t\tif req == nil || req.Prototype == nil {\n+\t\t\t\tresults[i] = Result[vpcv1.Instance]{Err: fmt.Errorf(\"nil instance prototype\")}\n+\t\t\t\tcontinue\n+\t\t\t}\n+\t\t\tout, err := vpcClient.CreateInstance(ctx, req.Prototype)\n+\t\t\tresults[i] = Result[vpcv1.Instance]{Output: out, Err: err}\n+\t\t}\n+\n+\t\treturn results\n+\t}\n+}\ndiff --git a/pkg/batcher/createinstance_test.go b/pkg/batcher/createinstance_test.go\nnew file mode 100644\nindex 00000000..051535ae\n--- /dev/null\n+++ b/pkg/batcher/createinstance_test.go\n@@ -0,0 +1,237 @@\n+/*\n+Copyright The Kubernetes Authors.\n+\n+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n+you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n+You may obtain a copy of the License at\n+\n+    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n+\n+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n+distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n+WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n+See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n+limitations under the License.\n+*/\n+\n+package batcher\n+\n+import (\n+\t\"context\"\n+\t\"errors\"\n+\t\"sync\"\n+\t\"sync/atomic\"\n+\t\"testing\"\n+\t\"time\"\n+\n+\t\"github.com/IBM/vpc-go-sdk/vpcv1\"\n+\t\"github.com/samber/lo\"\n+)\n+\n+func TestCreateInstanceBatcher_BatchesSameZone(t *testing.T) {\n+\tctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())\n+\tdefer cancel()\n+\n+\tvar callCount int64\n+\tc := &CreateInstanceBatcher{}\n+\n+\topts := Options[CreateInstanceInput, vpcv1.Instance]{\n+\t\tName:          \"create_instance\",\n+\t\tIdleTimeout:   5 * time.Millisecond,\n+\t\tMaxTimeout:    50 * time.Millisecond,\n+\t\tMaxItems:      100,\n+\t\tRequestHasher: createInstanceHasher,\n+\t\tBatchExecutor: func(ctx context.Context, inputs []*CreateInstanceInput) []Result[vpcv1.Instance] {\n+\t\t\tatomic.AddInt64(&callCount, 1)\n+\t\t\tresults := make([]Result[vpcv1.Instance], len(inputs))\n+\t\t\tfor i := range inputs {\n+\t\t\t\tresults[i] = Result[vpcv1.Instance]{\n+\t\t\t\t\tOutput: &vpcv1.Instance{ID: lo.ToPtr(\"test-id\")},\n+\t\t\t\t}\n+\t\t\t}\n+\t\t\treturn results\n+\t\t},\n+\t}\n+\tc.batcher = NewBatcher(ctx, opts)\n+\n+\tconst zone = \"us-south-1\"\n+\tconst n = 50\n+\n+\tvar wg sync.WaitGroup\n+\twg.Add(n)\n+\n+\terrs := make(chan error, n)\n+\tfor i := 0; i < n; i++ {\n+\t\tgo func() {\n+\t\t\tdefer wg.Done()\n+\t\t\tprototype := &vpcv1.InstancePrototype{Name: lo.ToPtr(\"test\")}\n+\t\t\t_, err := c.CreateInstance(ctx, prototype, zone)\n+\t\t\terrs <- err\n+\t\t}()\n+\t}\n+\twg.Wait()\n+\tclose(errs)\n+\n+\tfor err := range errs {\n+\t\tif err != nil {\n+\t\t\tt.Fatalf(\"expected nil error, got %v\", err)\n+\t\t}\n+\t}\n+\n+\t// All same-zone requests should be batched together (1 batch execution)\n+\tif got := atomic.LoadInt64(&callCount); got != 1 {\n+\t\tt.Fatalf(\"expected 1 batch execution, got %d\", got)\n+\t}\n+}\n+\n+func TestCreateInstanceBatcher_SeparatesDifferentZones(t *testing.T) {\n+\tctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())\n+\tdefer cancel()\n+\n+\tvar callCount int64\n+\tc := &CreateInstanceBatcher{}\n+\n+\topts := Options[CreateInstanceInput, vpcv1.Instance]{\n+\t\tName:          \"create_instance\",\n+\t\tIdleTimeout:   5 * time.Millisecond,\n+\t\tMaxTimeout:    50 * time.Millisecond,\n+\t\tMaxItems:      100,\n+\t\tRequestHasher: createInstanceHasher,\n+\t\tBatchExecutor: func(ctx context.Context, inputs []*CreateInstanceInput) []Result[vpcv1.Instance] {\n+\t\t\tatomic.AddInt64(&callCount, 1)\n+\t\t\tresults := make([]Result[vpcv1.Instance], len(inputs))\n+\t\t\tfor i := range inputs {\n+\t\t\t\tresults[i] = Result[vpcv1.Instance]{\n+\t\t\t\t\tOutput: &vpcv1.Instance{ID: lo.ToPtr(\"test-id\")},\n+\t\t\t\t}\n+\t\t\t}\n+\t\t\treturn results\n+\t\t},\n+\t}\n+\tc.batcher = NewBatcher(ctx, opts)\n+\n+\tzones := []string{\"us-south-1\", \"us-south-2\", \"us-south-3\"}\n+\tconst perZone = 20\n+\n+\tvar wg sync.WaitGroup\n+\twg.Add(len(zones) * perZone)\n+\n+\tfor _, zone := range zones {\n+\t\tzone := zone\n+\t\tfor i := 0; i < perZone; i++ {\n+\t\t\tgo func() {\n+\t\t\t\tdefer wg.Done()\n+\t\t\t\tprototype := &vpcv1.InstancePrototype{Name: lo.ToPtr(\"test\")}\n+\t\t\t\t_, err := c.CreateInstance(ctx, prototype, zone)\n+\t\t\t\tif err != nil {\n+\t\t\t\t\tt.Errorf(\"unexpected err for zone %q: %v\", zone, err)\n+\t\t\t\t}\n+\t\t\t}()\n+\t\t}\n+\t}\n+\twg.Wait()\n+\n+\t// One batch execution per distinct zone\n+\tif got := atomic.LoadInt64(&callCount); got != int64(len(zones)) {\n+\t\tt.Fatalf(\"expected %d batch executions, got %d\", len(zones), got)\n+\t}\n+}\n+\n+func TestCreateInstanceBatcher_FansOutError(t *testing.T) {\n+\tctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())\n+\tdefer cancel()\n+\n+\ttestErr := errors.New(\"VPC client error\")\n+\tc := &CreateInstanceBatcher{}\n+\n+\topts := Options[CreateInstanceInput, vpcv1.Instance]{\n+\t\tName:          \"create_instance\",\n+\t\tIdleTimeout:   5 * time.Millisecond,\n+\t\tMaxTimeout:    50 * time.Millisecond,\n+\t\tMaxItems:      100,\n+\t\tRequestHasher: createInstanceHasher,\n+\t\tBatchExecutor: func(ctx context.Context, inputs []*CreateInstanceInput) []Result[vpcv1.Instance] {\n+\t\t\tresults := make([]Result[vpcv1.Instance], len(inputs))\n+\t\t\tfor i := range inputs {\n+\t\t\t\tresults[i] = Result[vpcv1.Instance]{Err: testErr}\n+\t\t\t}\n+\t\t\treturn results\n+\t\t},\n+\t}\n+\tc.batcher = NewBatcher(ctx, opts)\n+\n+\tconst zone = \"us-south-1\"\n+\tconst n = 30\n+\n+\tvar wg sync.WaitGroup\n+\twg.Add(n)\n+\n+\terrs := make(chan error, n)\n+\tfor i := 0; i < n; i++ {\n+\t\tgo func() {\n+\t\t\tdefer wg.Done()\n+\t\t\tprototype := &vpcv1.InstancePrototype{Name: lo.ToPtr(\"test\")}\n+\t\t\t_, err := c.CreateInstance(ctx, prototype, zone)\n+\t\t\terrs <- err\n+\t\t}()\n+\t}\n+\twg.Wait()\n+\tclose(errs)\n+\n+\tfor err := range errs {\n+\t\tif err == nil {\n+\t\t\tt.Fatalf(\"expected error, got nil\")\n+\t\t}\n+\t}\n+}\n+\n+func TestCreateInstanceBatcher_NilPrototypeReturnsError(t *testing.T) {\n+\tctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())\n+\tdefer cancel()\n+\n+\tc := &CreateInstanceBatcher{}\n+\n+\topts := Options[CreateInstanceInput, vpcv1.Instance]{\n+\t\tName:          \"create_instance\",\n+\t\tIdleTimeout:   5 * time.Millisecond,\n+\t\tMaxTimeout:    50 * time.Millisecond,\n+\t\tMaxItems:      100,\n+\t\tRequestHasher: createInstanceHasher,\n+\t\tBatchExecutor: func(ctx context.Context, inputs []*CreateInstanceInput) []Result[vpcv1.Instance] {\n+\t\t\tresults := make([]Result[vpcv1.Instance], len(inputs))\n+\t\t\tfor i, req := range inputs {\n+\t\t\t\tif req == nil || req.Prototype == nil {\n+\t\t\t\t\tresults[i] = Result[vpcv1.Instance]{Err: errors.New(\"nil instance prototype\")}\n+\t\t\t\t\tcontinue\n+\t\t\t\t}\n+\t\t\t\tresults[i] = Result[vpcv1.Instance]{\n+\t\t\t\t\tOutput: &vpcv1.Instance{ID: lo.ToPtr(\"test-id\")},\n+\t\t\t\t}\n+\t\t\t}\n+\t\t\treturn results\n+\t\t},\n+\t}\n+\tc.batcher = NewBatcher(ctx, opts)\n+\n+\t_, err := c.CreateInstance(ctx, nil, \"us-south-1\")\n+\tif err == nil {\n+\t\tt.Fatal(\"expected error for nil prototype, got nil\")\n+\t}\n+}\n+\n+func TestCreateInstanceHasher(t *testing.T) {\n+\tctx := context.Background()\n+\n+\t// Same zone should produce same hash\n+\thash1, _ := createInstanceHasher(ctx, &CreateInstanceInput{Zone: \"us-south-1\", Prototype: &vpcv1.InstancePrototype{Name: lo.ToPtr(\"a\")}})\n+\thash2, _ := createInstanceHasher(ctx, &CreateInstanceInput{Zone: \"us-south-1\", Prototype: &vpcv1.InstancePrototype{Name: lo.ToPtr(\"b\")}})\n+\tif hash1 != hash2 {\n+\t\tt.Errorf(\"same zone should produce same hash: %d != %d\", hash1, hash2)\n+\t}\n+\n+\t// Different zones should produce different hashes\n+\thash3, _ := createInstanceHasher(ctx, &CreateInstanceInput{Zone: \"us-south-2\", Prototype: &vpcv1.InstancePrototype{}})\n+\tif hash1 == hash3 {\n+\t\tt.Errorf(\"different zones should produce different hashes\")\n+\t}\n+}\ndiff --git a/pkg/controllers/nodeclaim/tagging/controller.go b/pkg/controllers/nodeclaim/tagging/controller.go\nindex 060e1f1c..442329c5 100644\n--- a/pkg/controllers/nodeclaim/tagging/controller.go\n+++ b/pkg/controllers/nodeclaim/tagging/controller.go\n@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ func (c *Controller) isVPCMode(nodeClass *v1alpha1.IBMNodeClass) bool {\n // updateVPCInstanceTags updates tags on a VPC instance\n func (c *Controller) updateVPCInstanceTags(ctx context.Context, providerID string, tags map[string]string) error {\n \t// Create VPC provider for this specific operation\n-\tvpcProvider, err := vpcProvider.NewVPCInstanceProvider(c.ibmClient, c.kubeClient)\n+\tvpcProvider, err := vpcProvider.NewVPCInstanceProvider(ctx, c.ibmClient, c.kubeClient)\n \tif err != nil {\n \t\treturn fmt.Errorf(\"creating VPC provider: %w\", err)\n \t}\ndiff --git a/pkg/providers/factory.go b/pkg/providers/factory.go\nindex 4a3bbd72..4b6f00fa 100644\n--- a/pkg/providers/factory.go\n+++ b/pkg/providers/factory.go\n@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ import (\n \n // ProviderFactory creates the appropriate instance provider based on the NodeClass configuration\n type ProviderFactory struct {\n+\tctx                  context.Context\n \tclient               *ibm.Client\n \tkubeClient           client.Client\n \tkubernetesClient     kubernetes.Interface\n@@ -52,6 +53,7 @@ func NewProviderFactory(ctx context.Context, client *ibm.Client, kubeClient clie\n \tinstanceTypeProvider := instancetype.NewProvider(client, pricingProvider)\n \n \treturn &ProviderFactory{\n+\t\tctx:                  ctx,\n \t\tclient:               client,\n \t\tkubeClient:           kubeClient,\n \t\tkubernetesClient:     kubernetesClient,\n@@ -74,10 +76,10 @@ func (f *ProviderFactory) GetInstanceProvider(nodeClass *v1alpha1.IBMNodeClass)\n \t\treturn iksProvider.NewIKSWorkerPoolProvider(f.client, f.kubeClient)\n \tcase commonTypes.VPCMode:\n \t\tif f.kubernetesClient != nil {\n-\t\t\treturn vpcProvider.NewVPCInstanceProvider(f.client, f.kubeClient, vpcProvider.WithKubernetesClient(f.kubernetesClient))\n+\t\t\treturn vpcProvider.NewVPCInstanceProvider(f.ctx, f.client, f.kubeClient, vpcProvider.WithKubernetesClient(f.kubernetesClient))\n \t\t}\n \t\t// Standard constructor without kubernetes client\n-\t\treturn vpcProvider.NewVPCInstanceProvider(f.client, f.kubeClient)\n+\t\treturn vpcProvider.NewVPCInstanceProvider(f.ctx, f.client, f.kubeClient)\n \tdefault:\n \t\treturn nil, fmt.Errorf(\"unknown provider mode: %s\", mode)\n \t}\n@@ -95,10 +97,10 @@ func (f *ProviderFactory) GetVPCProvider(nodeClass *v1alpha1.IBMNodeClass) (comm\n \t}\n \n \tif f.kubernetesClient != nil {\n-\t\treturn vpcProvider.NewVPCInstanceProvider(f.client, f.kubeClient, vpcProvider.WithKubernetesClient(f.kubernetesClient))\n+\t\treturn vpcProvider.NewVPCInstanceProvider(f.ctx, f.client, f.kubeClient, vpcProvider.WithKubernetesClient(f.kubernetesClient))\n \t}\n \t// Standard constructor without kubernetes client\n-\treturn vpcProvider.NewVPCInstanceProvider(f.client, f.kubeClient)\n+\treturn vpcProvider.NewVPCInstanceProvider(f.ctx, f.client, f.kubeClient)\n }\n \n // GetIKSProvider returns an IKS-specific provider\ndiff --git a/pkg/providers/vpc/instance/bootstrap_integration_test.go b/pkg/providers/vpc/instance/bootstrap_integration_test.go\nindex 38c476f8..50b24494 100644\n--- a/pkg/providers/vpc/instance/bootstrap_integration_test.go\n+++ b/pkg/providers/vpc/instance/bootstrap_integration_test.go\n@@ -70,7 +70,8 @@ func TestBootstrapIntegration(t *testing.T) {\n \t\t\tkubeClient := fake.NewClientBuilder().Build()\n \n \t\t\t// Create VPC instance provider\n-\t\t\tprovider, err := NewVPCInstanceProvider(mockClient, kubeClient)\n+\t\t\tctx := context.Background()\n+\t\t\tprovider, err := NewVPCInstanceProvider(ctx, mockClient, kubeClient)\n \t\t\tassert.NoError(t, err)\n \n \t\t\tvpcProvider := provider.(*VPCInstanceProvider)\n@@ -104,10 +105,11 @@ func TestBootstrapBehavior(t *testing.T) {\n \t_ = os.Setenv(\"IBMCLOUD_API_KEY\", \"test-api-key\")\n \n \t// Create mock IBM client\n+\tctx := context.Background()\n \tmockClient := &ibm.Client{}\n \tkubeClient := fake.NewClientBuilder().Build()\n \n-\tprovider, err := NewVPCInstanceProvider(mockClient, kubeClient)\n+\tprovider, err := NewVPCInstanceProvider(ctx, mockClient, kubeClient)\n \tassert.NoError(t, err)\n \n \tvpcProvider := provider.(*VPCInstanceProvider)\n@@ -137,10 +139,11 @@ func TestBootstrapProviderLazyInitialization(t *testing.T) {\n \t// Set test API key to satisfy the requirement\n \t_ = os.Setenv(\"IBMCLOUD_API_KEY\", \"test-api-key\")\n \n+\tctx := context.Background()\n \tmockClient := &ibm.Client{}\n \tkubeClient := fake.NewClientBuilder().Build()\n \n-\tprovider, err := NewVPCInstanceProvider(mockClient, kubeClient)\n+\tprovider, err := NewVPCInstanceProvider(ctx, mockClient, kubeClient)\n \tassert.NoError(t, err)\n \n \tvpcProvider := provider.(*VPCInstanceProvider)\ndiff --git a/pkg/providers/vpc/instance/options_simple_test.go b/pkg/providers/vpc/instance/options_simple_test.go\nindex 734e456b..8c542111 100644\n--- a/pkg/providers/vpc/instance/options_simple_test.go\n+++ b/pkg/providers/vpc/instance/options_simple_test.go\n@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ limitations under the License.\n package instance\n \n import (\n+\t\"context\"\n \t\"fmt\"\n \t\"os\"\n \t\"testing\"\n@@ -32,6 +33,7 @@ import (\n )\n \n func TestVPCInstanceProvider_ConstructorBehavior(t *testing.T) {\n+\tctx := context.Background()\n \tclient := &ibm.Client{}\n \tkubeClient := fakeClient.NewClientBuilder().Build()\n \n@@ -40,7 +42,7 @@ func TestVPCInstanceProvider_ConstructorBehavior(t *testing.T) {\n \t\t_ = os.Setenv(\"IBMCLOUD_API_KEY\", \"test-api-key\")\n \t\tdefer func() { _ = os.Unsetenv(\"IBMCLOUD_API_KEY\") }()\n \n-\t\tprovider, err := NewVPCInstanceProvider(client, kubeClient)\n+\t\tprovider, err := NewVPCInstanceProvider(ctx, client, kubeClient)\n \t\trequire.NoError(t, err)\n \t\tassert.NotNil(t, provider)\n \t})\n@@ -49,7 +51,7 @@ func TestVPCInstanceProvider_ConstructorBehavior(t *testing.T) {\n \t\t// Ensure environment variable is not set\n \t\t_ = os.Unsetenv(\"IBMCLOUD_API_KEY\")\n \n-\t\t_, err := NewVPCInstanceProvider(client, kubeClient)\n+\t\t_, err := NewVPCInstanceProvider(ctx, client, kubeClient)\n \t\tassert.Error(t, err)\n \t\tassert.Contains(t, err.Error(), \"IBMCLOUD_API_KEY environment variable is required\")\n \t})\n@@ -58,7 +60,7 @@ func TestVPCInstanceProvider_ConstructorBehavior(t *testing.T) {\n \t\t_ = os.Setenv(\"IBMCLOUD_API_KEY\", \"test-api-key\")\n \t\tdefer func() { _ = os.Unsetenv(\"IBMCLOUD_API_KEY\") }()\n \n-\t\t_, err := NewVPCInstanceProvider(nil, kubeClient)\n+\t\t_, err := NewVPCInstanceProvider(ctx, nil, kubeClient)\n \t\tassert.Error(t, err)\n \t\tassert.Contains(t, err.Error(), \"IBM client cannot be nil\")\n \t})\n@@ -67,7 +69,7 @@ func TestVPCInstanceProvider_ConstructorBehavior(t *testing.T) {\n \t\t_ = os.Setenv(\"IBMCLOUD_API_KEY\", \"test-api-key\")\n \t\tdefer func() { _ = os.Unsetenv(\"IBMCLOUD_API_KEY\") }()\n \n-\t\t_, err := NewVPCInstanceProvider(client, nil)\n+\t\t_, err := NewVPCInstanceProvider(ctx, client, nil)\n \t\tassert.Error(t, err)\n \t\tassert.Contains(t, err.Error(), \"kubernetes client cannot be nil\")\n \t})\n@@ -79,7 +81,7 @@ func TestVPCInstanceProvider_ConstructorBehavior(t *testing.T) {\n \t\t//nolint:staticcheck // SA1019: NewSimpleClientset is deprecated but NewClientset requires generated apply configurations\n \t\tk8sClient := fake.NewSimpleClientset()\n \n-\t\tprovider, err := NewVPCInstanceProvider(client, kubeClient, WithKubernetesClient(k8sClient))\n+\t\tprovider, err := NewVPCInstanceProvider(ctx, client, kubeClient, WithKubernetesClient(k8sClient))\n \t\trequire.NoError(t, err)\n \t\tassert.NotNil(t, provider)\n \t})\n@@ -88,7 +90,7 @@ func TestVPCInstanceProvider_ConstructorBehavior(t *testing.T) {\n \t\t_ = os.Setenv(\"IBMCLOUD_API_KEY\", \"test-api-key\")\n \t\tdefer func() { _ = os.Unsetenv(\"IBMCLOUD_API_KEY\") }()\n \n-\t\t_, err := NewVPCInstanceProvider(client, kubeClient, WithKubernetesClient(nil))\n+\t\t_, err := NewVPCInstanceProvider(ctx, client, kubeClient, WithKubernetesClient(nil))\n \t\tassert.Error(t, err)\n \t\tassert.Contains(t, err.Error(), \"kubernetes client cannot be nil when provided\")\n \t})\n@@ -101,7 +103,7 @@ func TestVPCInstanceProvider_ConstructorBehavior(t *testing.T) {\n \t\tk8sClient := fake.NewSimpleClientset()\n \t\tbootstrapProvider := bootstrap.NewVPCBootstrapProvider(client, k8sClient, kubeClient)\n \n-\t\tprovider, err := NewVPCInstanceProvider(client, kubeClient, WithBootstrapProvider(bootstrapProvider))\n+\t\tprovider, err := NewVPCInstanceProvider(ctx, client, kubeClient, WithBootstrapProvider(bootstrapProvider))\n \t\trequire.NoError(t, err)\n \t\tassert.NotNil(t, provider)\n \t})\n@@ -110,7 +112,7 @@ func TestVPCInstanceProvider_ConstructorBehavior(t *testing.T) {\n \t\t_ = os.Setenv(\"IBMCLOUD_API_KEY\", \"test-api-key\")\n \t\tdefer func() { _ = os.Unsetenv(\"IBMCLOUD_API_KEY\") }()\n \n-\t\t_, err := NewVPCInstanceProvider(client, kubeClient, WithBootstrapProvider(nil))\n+\t\t_, err := NewVPCInstanceProvider(ctx, client, kubeClient, WithBootstrapProvider(nil))\n \t\tassert.Error(t, err)\n \t\tassert.Contains(t, err.Error(), \"bootstrap provider cannot be nil when provided\")\n \t})\n@@ -121,7 +123,7 @@ func TestVPCInstanceProvider_ConstructorBehavior(t *testing.T) {\n \n \t\tmanager := vpcclient.NewManager(client, 0) // Use 0 timeout for test\n \n-\t\tprovider, err := NewVPCInstanceProvider(client, kubeClient, WithVPCClientManager(manager))\n+\t\tprovider, err := NewVPCInstanceProvider(ctx, client, kubeClient, WithVPCClientManager(manager))\n \t\trequire.NoError(t, err)\n \t\tassert.NotNil(t, provider)\n \t})\n@@ -130,7 +132,7 @@ func TestVPCInstanceProvider_ConstructorBehavior(t *testing.T) {\n \t\t_ = os.Setenv(\"IBMCLOUD_API_KEY\", \"test-api-key\")\n \t\tdefer func() { _ = os.Unsetenv(\"IBMCLOUD_API_KEY\") }()\n \n-\t\t_, err := NewVPCInstanceProvider(client, kubeClient, WithVPCClientManager(nil))\n+\t\t_, err := NewVPCInstanceProvider(ctx, client, kubeClient, WithVPCClientManager(nil))\n \t\tassert.Error(t, err)\n \t\tassert.Contains(t, err.Error(), \"VPC client manager cannot be nil when provided\")\n \t})\n@@ -145,6 +147,7 @@ func TestVPCInstanceProvider_ConstructorBehavior(t *testing.T) {\n \t\tmanager := vpcclient.NewManager(client, 0)\n \n \t\tprovider, err := NewVPCInstanceProvider(\n+\t\t\tctx,\n \t\t\tclient,\n \t\t\tkubeClient,\n \t\t\tWithKubernetesClient(k8sClient),\n@@ -207,6 +210,7 @@ func TestOptionFunctions_Behavior(t *testing.T) {\n \t\t_ = os.Setenv(\"IBMCLOUD_API_KEY\", \"test-api-key\")\n \t\tdefer func() { _ = os.Unsetenv(\"IBMCLOUD_API_KEY\") }()\n \n+\t\tctx := context.Background()\n \t\tclient := &ibm.Client{}\n \t\tkubeClient := fakeClient.NewClientBuilder().Build()\n \t\t//nolint:staticcheck // SA1019: NewSimpleClientset is deprecated but NewClientset requires generated apply configurations\n@@ -223,7 +227,7 @@ func TestOptionFunctions_Behavior(t *testing.T) {\n \n \t\tfor i, opts := range orders {\n \t\t\tt.Run(fmt.Sprintf(\"order_%d\", i+1), func(t *testing.T) {\n-\t\t\t\tprovider, err := NewVPCInstanceProvider(client, kubeClient, opts...)\n+\t\t\t\tprovider, err := NewVPCInstanceProvider(ctx, client, kubeClient, opts...)\n \t\t\t\trequire.NoError(t, err)\n \t\t\t\tassert.NotNil(t, provider)\n \t\t\t})\ndiff --git a/pkg/providers/vpc/instance/provider.go b/pkg/providers/vpc/instance/provider.go\nindex 39478bc1..95fc726d 100644\n--- a/pkg/providers/vpc/instance/provider.go\n+++ b/pkg/providers/vpc/instance/provider.go\n@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ import (\n \t\"github.com/IBM/go-sdk-core/v5/core\"\n \t\"github.com/IBM/vpc-go-sdk/vpcv1\"\n \t\"github.com/go-logr/logr\"\n+\t\"github.com/kubernetes-sigs/karpenter-provider-ibm-cloud/pkg/batcher\"\n \t\"github.com/kubernetes-sigs/karpenter-provider-ibm-cloud/pkg/cache\"\n \tcorev1 \"k8s.io/api/core/v1\"\n \tmetav1 \"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1\"\n@@ -65,6 +66,7 @@ type VPCInstanceProvider struct {\n \tsubnetProvider         subnet.Provider\n \tvpcClientManager       *vpcclient.Manager\n \tresourceManagerService *resourcemanagerv2.ResourceManagerV2\n+\tcreateInstanceBatcher  *batcher.CreateInstanceBatcher\n \tinstanceCache          *cache.Cache\n }\n \n@@ -120,7 +122,7 @@ func WithInstanceCache(c *cache.Cache) Option {\n }\n \n // NewVPCInstanceProvider creates a new VPC instance provider with optional configuration\n-func NewVPCInstanceProvider(client *ibm.Client, kubeClient client.Client, opts ...Option) (commonTypes.VPCInstanceProvider, error) {\n+func NewVPCInstanceProvider(ctx context.Context, client *ibm.Client, kubeClient client.Client, opts ...Option) (commonTypes.VPCInstanceProvider, error) {\n \tif client == nil {\n \t\treturn nil, fmt.Errorf(\"IBM client cannot be nil\")\n \t}\n@@ -139,6 +141,7 @@ func NewVPCInstanceProvider(client *ibm.Client, kubeClient client.Client, opts .\n \t\tresourceManagerService: nil, // Will be initialized after applying options\n \t\tinstanceCache:          cache.New(constants.DefaultVPCClientCacheTTL),\n \t}\n+\tprovider.createInstanceBatcher = batcher.NewCreateInstanceBatcher(ctx, provider.vpcClientManager)\n \n \t// Apply options\n \tfor _, opt := range opts {\n@@ -172,8 +175,8 @@ func NewVPCInstanceProvider(client *ibm.Client, kubeClient client.Client, opts .\n \n // Deprecated: Use NewVPCInstanceProvider with WithKubernetesClient option instead\n // NewVPCInstanceProviderWithKubernetesClient creates a new VPC instance provider with kubernetes client\n-func NewVPCInstanceProviderWithKubernetesClient(client *ibm.Client, kubeClient client.Client, kubernetesClient kubernetes.Interface) (commonTypes.VPCInstanceProvider, error) {\n-\treturn NewVPCInstanceProvider(client, kubeClient, WithKubernetesClient(kubernetesClient))\n+func NewVPCInstanceProviderWithKubernetesClient(ctx context.Context, client *ibm.Client, kubeClient client.Client, kubernetesClient kubernetes.Interface) (commonTypes.VPCInstanceProvider, error) {\n+\treturn NewVPCInstanceProvider(ctx, client, kubeClient, WithKubernetesClient(kubernetesClient))\n }\n \n // Create provisions a new VPC instance\n@@ -692,7 +695,7 @@ func (p *VPCInstanceProvider) Create(ctx context.Context, nodeClaim *karpv1.Node\n \t}\n \n \t// Create the instance\n-\tinstance, err := vpcClient.CreateInstance(ctx, instancePrototype)\n+\tinstance, err := p.createInstanceBatcher.CreateInstance(ctx, instancePrototype, zone)\n \tif err != nil {\n \t\t// Check if this is a partial failure that might have created resources\n \t\tibmErr := ibm.ParseError(err)\ndiff --git a/pkg/providers/vpc/instance/provider_test.go b/pkg/providers/vpc/instance/provider_test.go\nindex 1fe7c072..3b10faeb 100644\n--- a/pkg/providers/vpc/instance/provider_test.go\n+++ b/pkg/providers/vpc/instance/provider_test.go\n@@ -1348,7 +1348,8 @@ func TestNewVPCInstanceProvider(t *testing.T) {\n \t\tt.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {\n \t\t\t// Note: NewVPCInstanceProvider requires IBMCLOUD_API_KEY environment variable\n \t\t\t// These tests focus on client validation which happens before env var check\n-\t\t\t_, err := NewVPCInstanceProvider(tt.client, tt.kubeClient)\n+\t\t\tctx := context.Background()\n+\t\t\t_, err := NewVPCInstanceProvider(ctx, tt.client, tt.kubeClient)\n \n \t\t\tif tt.expectError {\n \t\t\t\tassert.Error(t, err)\n@@ -2056,6 +2057,7 @@ func TestProviderGet_CacheHit(t *testing.T) {\n \tdefer instanceCache.Stop()\n \n \tprovider, err := NewVPCInstanceProvider(\n+\t\tctx,\n \t\t&ibm.Client{},\n \t\t&mockKubeClient{},\n \t\tWithVPCClientManager(manager),\n@@ -2112,6 +2114,7 @@ func TestProviderDelete_InvalidatesCache(t *testing.T) {\n \tinstanceCache.Set(instanceID, cachedNode)\n \n \tprovider, err := NewVPCInstanceProvider(\n+\t\tctx,\n \t\t&ibm.Client{},\n \t\t&mockKubeClient{},\n \t\tWithVPCClientManager(manager),\n@@ -2179,6 +2182,7 @@ func TestProviderGet_DeletingInstanceNotCached(t *testing.T) {\n \tdefer instanceCache.Stop()\n \n \tprovider, err := NewVPCInstanceProvider(\n+\t\tctx,\n \t\t&ibm.Client{},\n \t\t&mockKubeClient{},\n \t\tWithVPCClientManager(manager),\n@@ -2227,6 +2231,7 @@ func TestProviderGet_InvalidCacheEntry_NoPanic(t *testing.T) {\n \tinstanceCache.Set(instanceID, \"this is not a node\")\n \n \tprovider, err := NewVPCInstanceProvider(\n+\t\tctx,\n \t\t&ibm.Client{},\n \t\t&mockKubeClient{},\n \t\tWithVPCClientManager(manager),\n@@ -2275,6 +2280,7 @@ func TestProviderList_PopulatesCache(t *testing.T) {\n \tdefer instanceCache.Stop()\n \n \tprovider, err := NewVPCInstanceProvider(\n+\t\tctx,\n \t\t&ibm.Client{},\n \t\t&mockKubeClient{},\n \t\tWithVPCClientManager(manager),\n@@ -2350,6 +2356,7 @@ func TestProviderList_DeletingInstanceNotCached(t *testing.T) {\n \tdefer instanceCache.Stop()\n \n \tprovider, err := NewVPCInstanceProvider(\n+\t\tctx,\n \t\t&ibm.Client{},\n \t\t&mockKubeClient{},\n \t\tWithVPCClientManager(manager),\n@@ -2409,6 +2416,7 @@ func TestProviderList_CorrectRegionFromZone(t *testing.T) {\n \tdefer instanceCache.Stop()\n \n \tprovider, err := NewVPCInstanceProvider(\n+\t\tctx,\n \t\t&ibm.Client{},\n \t\t&mockKubeClient{},\n \t\tWithVPCClientManager(manager),\ndiff --git a/pkg/providers/vpc/instance/suite_test.go b/pkg/providers/vpc/instance/suite_test.go\nindex f090e772..9aa9f4a0 100644\n--- a/pkg/providers/vpc/instance/suite_test.go\n+++ b/pkg/providers/vpc/instance/suite_test.go\n@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ limitations under the License.\n package instance_test\n \n import (\n+\t\"context\"\n \t\"os\"\n \t\"testing\"\n \n@@ -35,11 +36,13 @@ func TestVPCInstanceProvider(t *testing.T) {\n \n var _ = Describe(\"VPC Instance Provider\", func() {\n \tvar (\n+\t\tctx        context.Context\n \t\tclient     *ibm.Client\n \t\tkubeClient *fake.ClientBuilder\n \t)\n \n \tBeforeEach(func() {\n+\t\tctx = context.Background()\n \t\t_ = os.Setenv(\"IBMCLOUD_API_KEY\", \"test-api-key\")\n \t\tclient = &ibm.Client{}\n \t\tkubeClient = fake.NewClientBuilder()\n@@ -52,7 +55,7 @@ var _ = Describe(\"VPC Instance Provider\", func() {\n \tDescribe(\"Constructor\", func() {\n \t\tIt(\"should create a new VPC instance provider with valid inputs\", func() {\n \t\t\tfakeClient := kubeClient.Build()\n-\t\t\tprovider, err := instance.NewVPCInstanceProvider(client, fakeClient)\n+\t\t\tprovider, err := instance.NewVPCInstanceProvider(ctx, client, fakeClient)\n \n \t\t\tExpect(err).ToNot(HaveOccurred())\n \t\t\tExpect(provider).ToNot(BeNil())\n@@ -60,7 +63,7 @@ var _ = Describe(\"VPC Instance Provider\", func() {\n \n \t\tIt(\"should return an error with nil IBM client\", func() {\n \t\t\tfakeClient := kubeClient.Build()\n-\t\t\tprovider, err := instance.NewVPCInstanceProvider(nil, fakeClient)\n+\t\t\tprovider, err := instance.NewVPCInstanceProvider(ctx, nil, fakeClient)\n \n \t\t\tExpect(err).To(HaveOccurred())\n \t\t\tExpect(provider).To(BeNil())\n@@ -68,7 +71,7 @@ var _ = Describe(\"VPC Instance Provider\", func() {\n \t\t})\n \n \t\tIt(\"should return an error with nil kube client\", func() {\n-\t\t\tprovider, err := instance.NewVPCInstanceProvider(client, nil)\n+\t\t\tprovider, err := instance.NewVPCInstanceProvider(ctx, client, nil)\n \n \t\t\tExpect(err).To(HaveOccurred())\n \t\t\tExpect(provider).To(BeNil())\n@@ -79,7 +82,7 @@ var _ = Describe(\"VPC Instance Provider\", func() {\n \tDescribe(\"Options Pattern\", func() {\n \t\tIt(\"should apply kubernetes client option correctly\", func() {\n \t\t\tfakeClient := kubeClient.Build()\n-\t\t\tprovider, err := instance.NewVPCInstanceProvider(client, fakeClient)\n+\t\t\tprovider, err := instance.NewVPCInstanceProvider(ctx, client, fakeClient)\n \n \t\t\tExpect(err).ToNot(HaveOccurred())\n \t\t\tExpect(provider).ToNot(BeNil())","stderr":"","interrupted":false,"isImage":false,"noOutputExpected":false},"sourceToolAssistantUUID":"6e070cd5-ace6-4b0b-9bd2-1ea4f2dfdeb5"}
{"parentUuid":"7a058abd-f22c-4cc8-83cc-4436a9ab4158","isSidechain":false,"userType":"external","cwd":"/home/josie/development/kubernetes/karpenter-ibm","sessionId":"227ef372-398e-4424-bc9c-5e171c1e1700","version":"2.1.39","gitBranch":"main","slug":"sunny-cuddling-sunbeam","message":{"model":"claude-opus-4-6","id":"msg_01BveaftsgxuVJoBx2aoZEEQ","type":"message","role":"assistant","content":[{"type":"thinking","thinking":"Let me also look at the existing batcher code to understand the patterns and the generic Batcher implementation.","signature":"EpkCCkYICxgCKkDxJbHgPSJfqgnPp9ed71dgz/RKuHPtQPL79AE9lMO0daU1v8oX1pPWbh+q16PoO57JuVDrpj41T3PnLwLIGjI+EgwJlgtsvQuOFV8kRtAaDKR2A+dkZLL4VtYIryIwVJ90qTHw/UZgOY4yCFh4vuxT4uZ4sUsQySz0lH73wGyTazNAc9cMS7a/EnFT+v5wKoABbZsU/J/tCsd1YjRQiSzsqIG0HOY9XYqyiZ8VRaE3U7r2xqnPDMEXZX2rx4e0vDX6rWwobji3sGJhMQH0rRQsO7ruaWNdRB75OnenPgtZcaQpcBpmiTeA8p7DTAxoGY0Mbfhe+xOTs1dKQFOtQ8SBoqxPGt/PXXb+uAlQy6UAbOAYAQ=="}],"stop_reason":null,"stop_sequence":null,"usage":{"input_tokens":1,"cache_creation_input_tokens":10872,"cache_read_input_tokens":39011,"cache_creation":{"ephemeral_5m_input_tokens":0,"ephemeral_1h_input_tokens":10872},"output_tokens":8,"service_tier":"standard","inference_geo":"not_available"}},"requestId":"req_011CY2iBuD9tVjcCvRfgagwK","type":"assistant","uuid":"8cb4f294-a016-4cf0-8911-dbdd4214a887","timestamp":"2026-02-11T17:54:57.182Z"}
{"parentUuid":"8cb4f294-a016-4cf0-8911-dbdd4214a887","isSidechain":false,"userType":"external","cwd":"/home/josie/development/kubernetes/karpenter-ibm","sessionId":"227ef372-398e-4424-bc9c-5e171c1e1700","version":"2.1.39","gitBranch":"main","slug":"sunny-cuddling-sunbeam","message":{"model":"claude-opus-4-6","id":"msg_01BveaftsgxuVJoBx2aoZEEQ","type":"message","role":"assistant","content":[{"type":"text","text":"Let me look at the existing batcher infrastructure and the provider's Create method for full context."}],"stop_reason":null,"stop_sequence":null,"usage":{"input_tokens":1,"cache_creation_input_tokens":10872,"cache_read_input_tokens":39011,"cache_creation":{"ephemeral_5m_input_tokens":0,"ephemeral_1h_input_tokens":10872},"output_tokens":8,"service_tier":"standard","inference_geo":"not_available"}},"requestId":"req_011CY2iBuD9tVjcCvRfgagwK","type":"assistant","uuid":"1c6851d3-ef38-48eb-b60c-c71bf535b49d","timestamp":"2026-02-11T17:54:57.982Z"}
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